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  • Title: Effect of sex hormones on human voice physiology: from childhood to senescence.
    Author: Zamponi V, Mazzilli R, Mazzilli F, Fantini M.
    Journal: Hormones (Athens); 2021 Dec; 20(4):691-696. PubMed ID: 34046877.
    Abstract:
    The aim of the present literature review is to describe the influence of sex hormones on the human voice in physiological conditions. As a secondary sexual organ, the larynx is affected by sex hormones and may change considerably over the lifespan. In the current review, sex hormone-related voice modifications occurring during childhood, puberty, the menstrual cycle, pregnancy and senescence are described. The roles of sex hormones (including gonadotropins, testosterone, estrogen, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate) underlying physiological voice changes are discussed, the main differences between males and females are explained and clinical implications are taken into account.
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