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  • Title: Effects of different drying methods and ascorbic acid pretreatment on carotenoids and polyphenols of papaya fruit in Ethiopia.
    Author: Minuye M, Getachew P, Laillou A, Chitekwe S, Baye K.
    Journal: Food Sci Nutr; 2021 Jun; 9(6):3346-3353. PubMed ID: 34136199.
    Abstract:
    Frequent consumption of fruits can prevent nutrient deficiencies and promote health. However, the perishability and unaffordability of fruits had led to very low levels of fruit consumption in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The objective of this study was to evaluate the retention of nutrients and bioactive compounds of papaya fruit (Carica papaya L) with/without ascorbic acid pretreatment and drying under different techniques, to then estimate the vitamin A intakes for vulnerable population. Yellow pulp ripped papaya fruits (i.e., >75% level of skin color/stage level 4) (n = 14), with and without ascorbic acid pretreatment were dried using (a) solar drying: open-air, tray driers, and glasshouse; (b) refractance window drying; (c) oven drying; and (d) freeze-drying (control). The fresh fruit had high moisture content (87%) and an acidic pH. The dried papaya had a water activity of 0.5-0.6. The highest TPC, TFC, total carotenoids, and ß-carotene were found in freeze-dried papaya samples, followed by refractance window, and solar glass house (p < .05). The highest retention in total carotenoids (81.5%) and ß-carotene (61.9%) relative to freeze-drying was for the refractance-window; 25 g of dried papaya could contribute to 38% of the retinol equivalents' requirement for young children. Ascorbic acid pretreatment increased the retention of total carotenoids, ß-carotene, TPC, and TFC (p < .05) by (6-11)%, (8-34)%, (7-58)%, and (6-30)%, respectively, for all the drying methods. Refractance window and solar glass house drying can improve diets and constitute a promising food systems' intervention that can increase year-round availability, accessibility, and affordability of vitamin A-rich fruits like papaya.
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