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  • Title: Interaction of protein with a self-associating ligand. Deviation from a hyperbolic binding curve and the appearance of apparent co-operativity in the Scatchard plot.
    Author: Ishida T, Horiike K, Tojo H, Nozaki M.
    Journal: J Theor Biol; 1988 Jan 07; 130(1):49-66. PubMed ID: 3419173.
    Abstract:
    We derived a general formula to analyze a binding system in which a ligand self-associates, in terms of experimentally determinable quantities, i.e. r, the average number of bound ligands per protein molecule, and Lft, the total free ligand concentration, which are expressed as a ligand monomer unit. The limiting behaviors of the Scatchard plot (r/Lft vs r plot), that is, the intercepts on the r-axis and the r/Lft-axis, and the limiting slopes, are generally given. Three models that may be encountered are considered in detail. Numerical examples are also presented to illustrate how the self-association of a ligand affects the binding curves. The ligand self-association alone can cause deviation of the profile of the binding curve (r vs Lft plot) from a hyperbola, resulting in a nonlinear Scatchard plot. Therefore, analysis of the binding data without consideration of ligand self-association may lead to erroneous conclusions as to the numbers and classes of binding sites, co-operativity among the sites and binding parameter values.
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