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  • Title: [Application of novel quantum dot-based molecularly imprinted fluorescence sensor in rapid detection].
    Author: Ma J, Lian Z, He C, Wang J, Yu R.
    Journal: Se Pu; 2021 Aug; 39(8):775-780. PubMed ID: 34212579.
    Abstract:
    A critical need in analytical chemistry is the efficient fabrication of selective and sensitive sensors to detect trace analytes in complicated samples. In recent years, fluorescence analysis has been widely used in environmental research and the life sciences due to its high sensitivity and simple operation. Quantum dots (QDs) are a new type of fluorescent nanomaterials. Owing to the quantum confinement effect, QDs possess excellent optical properties such as strong anti-bleaching ability, a narrow excitation and emission band, and tunable emission wavelength. As a hot labeling material, QDs are suitable for use in surface-modified analytical sensors employed in fields such as analytical chemistry, biology, and medicine. However, QD materials have a notable disadvantage, in that the actual sample matrix may contain some interferents with luminescent responses similar to those of the target; this decreases the selective ability of the fluorescence sensor. The surface modification of QDs via the molecular imprinting technique (MIT) is a promising solution to overcome this drawback. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are a kind of "bionic" material that can carry out specific recognition and selective adsorption and hence, possess the unique properties of recognition specificity, structural predictability, good reproducibility, and excellent stability. Accordingly, MIPs have been widely employed in sensors as well as for drug delivery, catalysis, and solid phase extraction. Notably, QD-based molecularly imprinted fluorescence sensors combine the advantages of QDs and the MIT. Owing to their specific selectivity and high sensitivity, such sensors have been extensively developed for environmental monitoring, food detection, and biological analysis. However, there remain challenges associated with the preparation and application of the sensors: (i) single recognition: it is important to develop a composite sensor that can detect multiple target analytes from the actual samples at the same time during practical application; (ii) poor hydrophilicity: the actual sample is usually a liquid matrix; hence, it is imperative to determine an approach for improving the hydrophilicity of the sensor; (iii) the accuracy of fluorescence response and the resolution of visual detection need to be further improved; (iv) imprinting: it remains challenging to imprint biological macromolecules, viruses, and bacteria. Thus far, many researchers have made progress with regard to the preparation and application of the sensors. Accordingly, this work reviews approximately 20 papers published by the American Chemical Society, Elsevier, and other databases in the last five years to highlight progress in novel preparation methods and practical applications of QD-based molecularly imprinted fluorescence sensors for the sensitive analysis and rapid detection of trace substances. First, according to the different numbers of emission peaks in the fluorescence spectrum, three kinds of QD-based molecularly imprinted fluorescence sensors are introduced and the related recognition mechanisms are explained. Second, according to the different substances to be detected, this mini-review summarizes the latest research progress in sensors for the detection of ions, organic small molecules, biological macromolecules, as well as for the analysis of bacteria and viruses. Finally, existing challenges associated with the preparation and application of the sensors, as well as future development trends, are discussed. 作为一种新型荧光纳米材料,量子点具有十分优异的光学特性,是分析化学、生物科学、医学等领域研究的热点标记材料。分子印迹聚合物是能够进行特异性识别和选择性吸附的“仿生”材料,它易于制备且具有较好的重现性和稳定性,因而分子印迹技术已成为具有广阔应用前景的识别技术。量子点基分子印迹荧光传感器结合了量子点和分子印迹技术的优势,由于其高选择性和高灵敏度,在环境监测、食品检测、生物分析等领域得到快速发展。但该传感器在应用中也还存在亲水性不足、识别单一、便携性不足等问题。该文引用了近5年来发表在American Chemical Society、Elsevier等数据库约20篇相关文献,对量子点基分子印迹荧光传感器的构建及该传感器在快速检测分析痕量物质中的应用进展进行了综述。首先根据荧光光谱图中发射峰个数的不同分别介绍了3种量子点基分子印迹荧光传感器的类型及相关识别机理,其次根据待测物的不同归纳介绍了近五年来该传感器在离子、有机小分子、生物大分子等检测分析中的最新研究进展,最后对当前该传感器在制备及应用中仍存在的问题进行了总结并对其发展趋势进行了展望。
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