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Title: [Digital and anatomical study of posterior atlantooccipital joint-occipital condyle-clivus screw technique].
Author: Zhou SY, Xu NJ, Li HJ, Wang Y, Shi KR, Peng YJ, Ma WH.
Journal: Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi; 2021 Jul 06; 101(25):1973-1977. PubMed ID: 34225418.
Abstract:
Objective: To investigate the screw placement parameters, feasibility and safety of posterior atlantooccipital joint-occipital condyle-clivus screw technique in Chinese people. Methods: Upper cervical spine CT images of 46 patients, including 24 males and 22 females, were collected with random number table from June 2019 to May 2020 in Ningbo No.6 Hospital. The patients aged 20-55 years, with a mean age of (39±9) years. Total of 92 sides of upper cervical spine models were obtained by Mimics 19.0 digital three-dimensional reconstruction, and screw placement was conducted simulately. The midpoint of transition zone between the posterior arch of atlas and the inferior articular process of lateral mass was selected as the screw entry point. The diameter and length of screws was 3.5 mm and 50 mm, respectively. Detailed morphometric measurements of the 92 atlantooccipital joint-occipital condyle-clivus screws were conducted. The distance between the screw and its surrounding important structures, screw inside and upper tilting angles, the length of screw trajectory in atlas and the length of screw trajectory on occipital side (occipital condyle-clivus) were all measured. Paired t test was performed on the parameters of left and right screw placement to confirm whether there was difference between the two sides. Results: In the 46 cases of upper cervical spine digital three-dimensional models, 92 posterior atlantooccipital joint-occipital condyle-clivus screws were implanted. All the screws were completely fixed in the clivus, without breaking through the upper sphenoid sinus, entering into the canalis spinalis and foramen magnum, and damaging the surrounding structures such as hypoglossal canal. The screw trajectory parameters between the left and right sides were slightly different, but there was no statistical differences between the two sides (P>0.05). The vertical distance between the screw entry point and the upper edge of atlas was (12.6±1.0) mm, the vertical distance between the screw entry point and the lower edge of atlas was (6.5±0.6) mm, the distance between the screw and the medial border of atlas vertebral artery foramen was (6.7±0.6) mm, the distance between the screw entry point and the medial wall of atlas was (6.6±0.7) mm, the distance between the screw outer margin and the hypoglossal canal was (5.5±0.6) mm, screw inside tilting angle was 21.2°±2.5°, screw upper tilting angle was 52.0°±3.4°, the length of screw trajectory in atlas was (12.1±0.9) mm, the length of screw trajectory on occipital side (occipital condyle-clivus) was (37.9±0.9) mm. Conclusion: The posterior atlantooccipital joint-occipital condyle-clivus screw technique can serve as a feasible and safe treatment for instability of the occipitocervical junction, which can be used as a new posterior occipitocervical fusion technique. 目的： 探讨中国人后路寰枕关节-枕骨髁-斜坡螺钉技术的置钉参数及可行性和安全性。 方法： 随机数字表法收集宁波市第六医院2019年6月至2020年5月共46例检查者的上颈椎CT影像资料，其中男24例，女22例，年龄20~55（39±9）岁。通过Mimics19.0软件数字化三维重建共获得92侧上颈椎模型，并进行模拟置钉。螺钉进钉点选择寰椎后弓与侧块下关节突移行处中点，直径3.5 mm，长度50 mm。对92枚虚拟螺钉进行详细的置钉参数测量，包括测量螺钉与其周围重要结构之间的距离，螺钉内倾角和头倾角，寰椎内和枕骨侧（枕骨髁-斜坡内）钉道长度。对左右侧置钉参数进行配对t检验，确认双侧置钉有无差异。 结果： 在46例重建模型中，共置入92枚后路寰枕关节-枕骨髁-斜坡螺钉，全部螺钉完全固定于斜坡内，未突破上部的蝶窦，未进入椎管和枕骨大孔内，未损伤舌下神经管等周围结构。置钉后模型左、右侧螺钉的钉道参数结果略有不同，但差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。螺钉进钉点距寰椎上缘垂直距离为（12.6±1.0）mm，螺钉进钉点距寰椎下缘垂直距离为（6.5±0.6）mm，螺钉距寰椎椎动脉孔内侧缘距离为（6.7±0.6）mm，螺钉进钉点距寰椎内侧壁距离为（6.6±0.7）mm，螺钉外缘与舌下神经管的距离为（5.5±0.6）mm；螺钉内倾角为21.2°±2.5°，螺钉头倾角为52.0°±3.4°，寰椎内钉道长度为（12.1±0.9）mm；枕骨侧（枕骨髁-斜坡内）钉道长度为（37.9±0.9）mm。 结论： 后路寰枕关节-枕骨髁-斜坡螺钉技术是一种可行且安全的治疗枕颈交界区不稳的有效方法，可作为一种新的后路枕颈融合技术。.

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