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  • Title: An attenuated influenza virus vaccine: protection against homologous and heterologous strains of virus.
    Author: Khakoo R, Ganguly R, Waldman R.
    Journal: Dev Biol Stand; ; 39():141-8. PubMed ID: 342305.
    Abstract:
    An effective influenza vaccine should be capable of providing protection against both the homologous virus strain and heterologous strains representing antigenic "drift". Two attenuated vaccines were evaluated, an A/Hong Kong/8/68 (H3N2) and an A/England/42/72 (H3N2) strain. Volunteers were immunized intranasally with either placebo or vaccine in a "double-blind" fashion in two doses, 2 weeks apart. Eighty-four subjects were challenged 30-100 days after the second dose with either the homologous or a heterologous strain. The heterologous strain for the A/Hong Kong/8/68 (H3N2) vaccinees was the A/England/42/72 (H3N2) virulent strain. The heterologous strain for the A/England/42/72 (H3N2) vaccinees was a virulent A/Dunedin/73 (H3N2) strain. Both vaccines led to good protection against both homologous and heterologous challenges. The protection rate against illness for the A/Hong Kong/8/68 (H3N2) vaccinees was 73% and 100% following homologous and heterologous challenges, respectively. The protection rate for the A/England/42/72 H3N2) vaccinees was 100% following both homologous and heterologous challenges. The protection rates against infection (as judged by antibody responses, irrespective of signs and symptoms) were also good. For the A/Hong Kong/8/68 (H3N2) vaccinees the rates were 73% (homologous) and 86% (heterologous). For the A/England/42/72 vaccinees, the rates were 72% and 60% respectively. Thus, immunity induced by these attenuated influenza vaccines extends to provide protection against related but non-identical influenza viruses.
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