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  • Title: Suppressive effects of gecko cathelicidin on biofilm formation and cariogenic virulence factors of Streptococcus mutans.
    Author: Cai S, Meng K, Liu P, Cao X, Wang G.
    Journal: Arch Oral Biol; 2021 Sep; 129():105205. PubMed ID: 34237581.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to investigate the effectivity of gecko cathelicidin Gj-CATH2 on biofilm formation and cariogenic virulence factors of S. mutans, and preliminary explore its function mechanisms. DESIGN: Minimum inhibitory concentration and bacterial killing kinetics assays were performed to assess the antimicrobial effect of Gj-CATH2.The influence of Gj-CATH2 on S. mutans biofilm formation was determined by crystal violet staining method and observed by SEM. The effects of Gj-CATH2 on exopolysaccharides (EPS) synthesis, bacterial aggregation, acidogenicity and aciduricity of S. mutans were also investigated. Quantitative real-time PCR was conducted to acquire the expression profile of related genes. RESULTS: Gj-CATH2 showed strong bactericidal and anti-biofilm effects on S. mutans. SEM confirmed the reduction of the dense structure in S. mutans biofilm in Gj-CATH2-treated groups. Gj-CATH2 significantly inhibited EPS synthesis, cell aggregation, acid production of S. mutans, but showed no influence on its acid proof. Furthermore, the expression of genes related to biofilm formation (gtfB/C/D, gbpB/D), quorum sensing system (luxS and comD/E) and acidogenicity (ldh) was significantly suppressed by Gj-CATH2. Gj-CATH2 also displayed advantageous resistance in human saliva and exhibited negligible toxicity against mammalian cells. CONCLUSIONS: Gj-CATH2 inhibited S. mutans biofilm formation by targeting the bacterial adhesion and the biofilm maturation stages. Gj-CATH2 significantly suppressed virulence factors production of S. mutans, resulting in decreased EPS synthesis and reduced acidogenicity of bacteria. These findings suggest Gj-CATH2 might be a promising agent for clinical application in prevention of dental caries.
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