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Title: [Epidemiological investigation of allergic rhinitis in central cities and countrysides of Inner Mongolia region].
Author: Deng ZY, Liu XJ, Sa RN, Xu HX, Fu Q, Xu DY, Cui XB, Liu J, Song BL, Zheng M, Ouyang YH, Wang XD, Liu XL.
Journal: Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi; 2021 Jun 07; 56(6):635-642. PubMed ID: 34256489.
Abstract:
Objective: To investigate the prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR) in 3 central cities (Chifeng, Hohhot, Ordos) and the surrounding rural areas of Inner Mongolia region, and to look for possible risk factors related to the disease. Methods: From March to October of 2019, a multi-stage stratified random sampling epidemiological survey was conducted in Chifeng, Hohhot, Ordos and rural areas. The AR-related factors of the population were obtained in the form of face-to-face questionnaire survey, and the skin prick test (SPT) was taken for the participants. AR disease was diagnosed according to the "Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis (2015, Tianjin)". The daily airborne pollen situation in the three regions was monitored during the same period. SPSS 23.0 was used to analyze all survey results. Results: A total of 6 818 questionnaires were recovered, with 6 393 valid questionnaires. The self-reported prevalence of AR was 27.72% (1 772/6 393) and the confirmed prevalence of AR was 17.10% (1 093/6 393). The prevalence of perennial AR was 1.83% (117/6 393) while the prevalence of seasonal AR was 15.27% (976/6 393). The prevalence of AR diagnosed in females was higher than that in males (19.19% vs 15.34%, χ²=16.594, P<0.001) and the prevalence of females in the two age groups of 36-45 years and 46-55 years was significantly higher than that of males (18.17% vs 9.73%, 14.13% vs 7.25%, χ² value was 23.848, 18.772, respectively, all P<0.001). The prevalence of confirmed diagnoses in ethnic minorities was higher than that of Han nationality, and the prevalence of confirmed diagnoses in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas (23.13% vs 16.20%, 27.27% vs 9.71%, χ² value was 24.516, 336.024, respectively, all P<0.001). The main nasal symptoms of AR patients were sneezing (91.31%), nasal congestion (85.91%) and nasal itching (85.00%). The most common concomitant disease of AR was allergic conjunctivitis (73.99%). Asthma (OR=6.629), food allergy (OR=3.236), drug allergy (OR=1.786), application of antibiotics (OR=1.553), recent home decoration (OR=2.307), and smoking (OR=1.322) were the AR related risk factors. The highest proportion of SPT positive reactions was Artemisia annua (80.15%). The peak period of clinical symptoms of AR patients in Inner Mongolia region was July to September, which was consistent with the second peak period of airborne pollen monitoring. Conclusions: The prevalence of AR in central cities and the surrounding rural areas of Inner Mongolia region is 17.10%, and Artemisia species is the most important pollen allergen in this area. History of asthma, food allergy, drug allergy, antibiotic use, home decoration and smoking history are the related risk factors for AR. 目的： 调查内蒙古地区3个中心城市（赤峰、呼和浩特、鄂尔多斯）及周边农村普通人群中变应性鼻炎（AR）的患病情况，寻找可能的患病相关危险因素。 方法： 2019年3—10月期间，在内蒙古赤峰、呼和浩特、鄂尔多斯3个中心城市及周边农村采用多阶段分层随机抽样的流行病学调查方法，以面对面问卷调查的形式获取调查人群的AR相关信息，对调查人群进行变应原皮肤点刺试验（SPT），依据《变应性鼻炎诊断和治疗指南（2015年，天津）》进行AR的诊断。监测同期3个地区每日气传花粉情况。采用SPSS 23.0对全部调查结果进行统计学分析。 结果： 共发放和回收调查问卷6 818份，其中有效问卷6 393份。问卷自报AR患病率为27.72%（1 772/6 393），确诊AR患病率为17.10%（1 093/6 393），其中常年性AR确诊患病率为1.83%（117/6 393）；季节性AR确诊患病率为15.27%（976/6 393）。女性AR确诊患病率高于男性（19.19%比15.34%，χ²=16.594，P<0.001）；在36~45岁、46~55岁这两个年龄段，女性确诊患病率均高于男性，差异有统计学意义（18.17%比9.73%，14.13%比7.25%，χ²值分别为23.848、18.772，P值均<0.001）。少数民族确诊患病率高于汉族，城市确诊患病率高于农村，差异均有统计学意义（23.13%比16.20%，27.27%比9.71%，χ²值分别为24.516、336.024，P值均<0.001）。AR患者鼻部主要症状依次为喷嚏（91.31%）、鼻塞（85.91%）和鼻痒（85.00%）；最常见的伴随疾病为变应性结膜炎（73.99%）。哮喘（OR=6.629）、食物过敏（OR=3.236）、药物过敏（OR=1.786）、应用抗生素（OR=1.553）、近期家庭装修（OR=2.307）、吸烟（OR=1.322）是AR发病的相关危险因素。SPT阳性反应比例最高者为黄花蒿（80.15%）。内蒙古地区AR患者临床症状出现的高峰期均集中在7~9月，与气传花粉监测的第二个高峰期一致。 结论： 内蒙古地区中心城市及农村AR的患病率为17.10%，黄花蒿是本地区最主要的花粉变应原。哮喘病史、食物过敏、药物过敏、抗生素应用、家庭装修、吸烟史是AR发病的相关危险因素。.

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