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Title: [Investigation on noise exposure level and health status of workers in transportation equipment manufacturing industry].
Author: Hu SQ, Hu WJ, Yang S, Zhu XH, Sun K, Jiang SS, Qiu YX, Li XD.
Journal: Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi; 2021 Jul 20; 39(7):498-502. PubMed ID: 34365758.
Abstract:
Objective: To explore the noise exposure level and the health status of workers in transportation equipment manufacturing industry, and provide a scientific basis for guidance and implementation of intervention measures. Methods: From January to December in 2019, a total of 2088 noise workers from a large enterprise were selected by cluster sampling method in railway transportation equipment manufacturing, automobile manufacturing and aerospace aircraft manufacturing enterprises. The worker's noise exposure level was detected. Occupational health checkups were performed on the noise workers including electrical audiometry, blood pressure and electrocardiogram. χ(2) test and trend χ(2) test were used to analyze the data. Results: The noise exposure level of 66.9% (1396/2088) workers exceeded 85 dB (A) , and the median noise level was 87.9 (84.3-90.3) dB (A) . Among them, workers of railway transportation equipment manufacturing enterprises had the highest noise exposure level[89.9 (87.8-91.6) dB (A) ]. The detection rate of high-frequency hearing loss, abnormal blood pressure and abnormal electrocardiogram of noise workers were 15.7% (327/2088) , 18.1% (378/2088) and 6.1% (128/2088) , respectively. The differences in the detection rates of high-frequency hearing loss, abnormal blood pressure, and abnormal electrocardiogram in workers of railway transportation equipment manufacturing enterprises, automobile manufacturing enterprises, and aerospace manufacturing enterprises were statistically significant (P<0.05) . Workers of railway transportation equipment manufacturing enterprises had higher detection rates of high-frequency hearing loss (17.6%, 186/1056) . Workers of aerospace manufacturing enterprises had higher detection rates of abnormal blood pressure and abnormal electrocardiogram (26.3%, 169/642; 10.0%, 64/642) . The differences in the detection rates of high-frequency hearing loss, abnormal blood pressure and abnormal electrocardiogram of noise workers were statistically significant in different age and working age groups, and gradually increased with age and working age (P<0.05) . The difference in the detection rate of high-frequency hearing loss of noise workers was statistically significant in different noise intensity groups, and the overall trend was increasing (P<0.05) . Conclusion: The transportation equipment manufacturing industry has serious noise hazards, especially the railway transportation equipment manufacturing industry. Long-term occupational noise exposure can adversely affect workers' hearing and cardiovascular system. Enterprises should strengthen occupational health inspections, and at the same time, take personal protective measures to protect the health of workers. 目的： 探讨交通运输设备制造行业工人噪声接触水平及其健康状况，为指导和实施干预措施提供科学依据。 方法： 于2019年1至12月，采用整群抽样方法，在铁路运输设备制造、汽车制造、航天航空器制造企业各选取1家大型企业的噪声作业工人作为调查对象，共2 088人。测定噪声作业岗位的噪声接触水平，并对噪声作业工人进行纯音测听、血压和心电图测量，采用χ(2)检验和趋势χ(2)检验等统计方法对所得数据进行分析。 结果： 工人噪声接触水平超过85 dB（A）占66.9%（1 396/2 088），噪声声级为87.9（84.3~90.3）dB（A），其中铁路运输设备制造企业工人噪声声级最大[89.9（87.8~91.6）dB（A）]。噪声作业工人高频听力损失、血压异常、心电图异常检出率分别为15.7%（327/2 088）、18.1%（378/2 088）、6.1%（128/2 088）。铁路运输设备制造、汽车制造、航天航空器制造企业工人的高频听力损失、血压异常和心电图异常检出率差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。铁路运输设备制造企业工人高频听力损失检出率较高（17.6%，186/1 056），航天航空器制造企业工人血压异常和心电图异常检出率较高（26.3%，169/642；10.0%，64/642）。噪声作业工人高频听力损失、血压异常和心电图异常检出率在不同年龄和工龄组的差异均有统计学意义，且随着年龄、工龄增加而逐渐升高（P<0.05），噪声作业工人高频听力损失检出率在不同噪声接触水平组的差异有统计学意义，且总体呈上升趋势（P<0.05）。 结论： 交通运输设备制造行业噪声危害严重，尤其是铁路运输设备制造行业。长期职业接触噪声会对工人听力及心血管产生不良影响，企业应加强职业健康检查，同时做好个体防护措施，保护劳动者健康。.

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