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  • Title: Dopamine receptors in the anterior cingulate cortex implicate in nicotine enhanced morphine analgesia.
    Author: Sardari M, Seddighfar M, Sardari S.
    Journal: Psychopharmacology (Berl); 2021 Nov; 238(11):3311-3323. PubMed ID: 34383109.
    Abstract:
    RATIONALE: It is well known that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) plays an important role in acute pain perception. OBJECTIVES: In the present study, we aimed to investigate the possible involvement of the ACC dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in nicotine plus morphine-induced analgesia. METHODS: The ACC's of adult male Wistar rats were bilaterally cannulated by stereotaxic instrument and the tail-flick test was used to measure the thermal pain threshold. RESULTS: The results indicated that subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of nicotine (0.3 mg/kg) potentiated the analgesic response of intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of morphine (3 mg/kg). Systemic administration of the same doses of nicotine or morphine alone had no effect on tail-flick latency. Intra-ACC administration of apomorphine (0.3-0.9 μg/rat), the non-selective D1/D2 receptors agonist, plus ineffective doses of nicotine (0.1 mg/kg, s.c.) plus morphine (3 mg/kg, i.p) induced analgesia in rats. In addition, the analgesia induced with co-administration of nicotine and morphine was inhibited via intra-ACC administration of SCH23390 (0.5-1 μg/rat) or sulpiride (0.5-2 μg/rat), the selective antagonists of D1 or D2 receptors, respectively. The intra-ACC microinjection of the same doses of drugs alone had no effect on tail-flick latency. Cubic interpolation analysis also confirmed that activation or inactivation of the ACC D1 and D2 receptors by different doses of drugs can modulate the nicotine-morphine analgesic response. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that the ACC has an important role in acute thermal pain perception and modulates the analgesia induced by nicotine plus morphine via dopaminergic receptors.
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