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  • Title: Scalp-Ear-Nipple syndrome: first report of a Potassium channel tetramerization domain-containing 1 in-frame insertion and review of the literature.
    Author: Butler KM, Bahrambeigi V, Merrihew A, Friez MJ, Cathey SS.
    Journal: Clin Dysmorphol; 2021 Oct 01; 30(4):167-172. PubMed ID: 34456244.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVES: Pathogenic missense variants in the potassium channel tetramerization domain-containing 1 (KCTD1) gene are associated with autosomal dominant Scalp-Ear-Nipple syndrome (SENS), a type of ectodermal dysplasia characterized by aplasia cutis congenita of the scalp, hairless posterior scalp nodules, absent or rudimentary nipples, breast aplasia and external ear anomalies. We report a child with clinical features of an ectodermal dysplasia, including sparse hair, dysmorphic facial features, absent nipples, 2-3 toe syndactyly, mild atopic dermatitis and small cupped ears with overfolded helices. We also review the published cases of SENS with molecularly confirmed KCTD1 variants. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using whole-exome sequencing, we identified a novel, de novo in-frame insertion in the broad-complex, tramtrack and bric-a-brac (BTB) domain of the KCTD1 gene. By comparing to the previously reported patients, we found that our patient's clinical features and molecular variant are consistent with a diagnosis of SENS. CONCLUSIONS: This is only the 13th KCTD1 variant described and the first report of an in-frame insertion causing clinical features, expanding the mutational spectrum of KCTD1 and SENS.
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