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Title: [Interim follow-up of fetal cardiac intervention in five fetuses with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum].
Author: Luo G, Pan SL, Wan H, Chen TT, Xu Q, Sun Y.
Journal: Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi; 2021 Sep 02; 59(9):782-786. PubMed ID: 34645220.
Abstract:
Objective: To summarize the interim outcome and right heart development of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (PA-IVS) in children after fetal cardiac intervention (FCI). Methods: The clinical data of 5 live births underwent FCI from October 2018 to April 2019 in Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University were analyzed retrospectively. The development of right ventricle (RV) and tricuspid valve (TV) in uterus after FCI, at birth, the age of 6 months, 1 year and 2 years, and the final outcome were assessed. Results: Five PA-IVS fetuses were included in this study. The first evaluation was performed at 24-26 weeks of gestational age, and the FCI was performed at 26-28 weeks of gestational age. During the follow-up of 6 weeks after FCI, the minimum diameter of tricuspid annulus increased from 0.85 cm to 0.92 cm, and the minimum Z-score of tricuspid annulus decreased from -0.03 to -1.62. The minimum values of TV/mitral valve annular diameter and RV/left ventricular length ratios of all fetuses increased from 0.57, 0.52 to 0.88, 0.82, respectively. The maximum tricuspid regurgitation velocity decreased from 4.60 m/s to 3.64 m/s. No severe hemodynamic change was found in any of the fetuses. All 5 fetuses were born alive. Three cases underwent percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty (PBPV) and stent implantation for ductus arteriosus. Two cases received PBPV alone. At follow-up (26 to 32 months), obvious development of TV was observed 6 months to 1 year after birth in 5 cases with the growth rate ranging from 19.64% to 40.00%. Meanwhile, the RV development was relatively slow at 6 months with the growth rate ranging from 9.41% to 21.42%. There were individual differences in RV development at 2 years. The growth and development of all children were equal to healthy children of the same age with the body mass index less than 18.4 kg/m². At the last follow-up, all children had a transcutaneous oxygen saturation of greater than 0.95, three became biventricular circulation and two had circulation approximation to biventricular circulation with almost closed stent. Conclusions: The findings support the potential of development of right ventricular and tricuspid valve for fetuses with PA-IVS underwent FCI. All fetuses underwent FCI received intervention after birth, and biventricular circulation can be realized finally. The development of right ventricular and tricuspid valve is not proportional. In utero, the right ventricle develops rapidly, and the development of tricuspid valve is more advantageous after birth. 目的： 探讨经胎儿心脏介入治疗（FCI）的室间隔完整的肺动脉闭锁（PA-IVS）患儿右心发育情况及预后。 方法： 回顾性分析2018年10月至2019年4月青岛大学附属妇女儿童医院5例经FCI的PA-IVS活产儿的临床资料，记录FCI术后、生后当日、6月龄、1岁及2岁时右心室及三尖瓣发育情况及最终结局。 结果： 5例PA-IVS胎儿，初次评估时间为24~26周胎龄，接受FCI时间为26~28周胎龄。术后随访6周，与FCI术前相比，5例胎儿三尖瓣瓣环直径最小值由0.85 cm增长至0.92 cm；三尖瓣瓣环Z值最小值由-0.03降至-1.62；三尖瓣瓣环直径与二尖瓣瓣环直径比值（TV/MV）、右心室内径与左心室内径比值（RV/LV）最小值分别由0.57、0.52增至0.88、0.82；三尖瓣反流速度最大值由4.60 m/s降至3.64 m/s。5例胎儿宫内无严重的血流动力学改变，均活产出生，生后3例行经皮球囊肺动脉瓣成形术（PBPV）联合动脉导管支架植入术，2例单纯接受PBPV治疗。随访时间为26~32个月，5例患儿生后6个月至1年三尖瓣发育速度最明显（增长率为19.64%~40.00%）；生后右心室发育相对缓慢，右心室大小生后6个月增长率为9.41%~21.42%，生后随访2年右心室发育存在个体差异。末次随访5例患儿生长发育与健康同龄儿相仿，体质指数均<18.4 kg/m²，体型偏瘦，经皮血氧饱和度维持在0.95以上，3例实现双心室循环，2例动脉导管支架近乎闭合，实现临床意义的双心室循环。 结论： 经FCI的PA-IVS胎儿右心室与三尖瓣发育改善，生后经再次手术干预可实现双心室循环，个体间发育存在差异。经FCI的胎儿宫内与生后右心发育并不平衡，宫内以右心室发育为主，生后三尖瓣发育则更具优势。.

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