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  • Title: Loop extrusion promotes an alternate pathway for isotype switching.
    Author: Shen HM, Wuerffel R, Cantillo JF, Priyadarshi S, Lei X, Liang J, Wu YL, Kenter AL.
    Journal: Cell Rep; 2021 Nov 23; 37(8):110059. PubMed ID: 34818547.
    Abstract:
    Class-switch recombination (CSR) involves replacement of the Cμ constant region with another downstream CH region. CSR is initiated by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID)-mediated DNA breaks that are targeted to transcriptionally active switch (S) regions. S region promoters (Prs) direct synapsis by associating with the Eμ and 3'Eα enhancers that jointly anchor a chromatin loop. We report that asymmetric loop extrusion allows 3'Eα to track along the locus and form Pr-Pr-E interactions that mediate CSR between downstream S regions, followed by switching to donor Sμ. This alternative pathway bypasses sequential switching and creates immunoglobulin (Ig)E+ B cells in the absence of IgG1 expression. Based on the analysis of diagnostic CSR products in B cell subsets, we identify a BCR-negative cell intermediate that is pivotal to efficient CSR.
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