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Title: SOME ISSUES OF LIFE ACTIVITIES OF POPULATION IN THE CHORNOBYL EXCLUSION ZONE IN UKRAINE.
Author: Gunko NV, Ivanova OM, Loganovsky KM, Korotkova NV, Masiuk SV.
Journal: Probl Radiac Med Radiobiol; 2021 Dec; 26():141-161. PubMed ID: 34965546.
Abstract:
BACKGROUND: Radiation accidents at the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant (USSR, 1986) and Fukushima-1 (Japan,2011) have shown that global environmental contamination is an intervention in normal human life making nega-tive effect on population health. These accidents highlighted a number of statutory and regulatory both with me-dical and social problems for individuals, who returned voluntarily for permanent residence in the ChornobylExclusion Zone i.e. a radiation-hazardous area (they are named the «self-settlers»). OBJECTIVE: generalization of experience in the settlement of normative-legal, ecological-dosimetric and medico-social life issues of population living in the Chornobyl NPP (ChNPP) Exclusion Zone («self-settlers»). OBJECT AND METHODS: The chosen problem is complex, necessitating the generalization of radiation-hygienic, med-ical-biological, socio-economic, demographic and sociological research results obtained by the national and foreignauthors. A set of theoretical research and analysis of empirical data methods on the principles of interdisciplinaryinteraction was used; the systematic, legal, economic, medical-biological, demographic and retrospective-dosimet-ric approaches of research were applied. RESULTS: It was shown that a part of population refused to evacuate or had returned for permanent residence to theradiation-hazardous lands after the ChNPP accident. In 1986-2009 the number of «self-settlers» ranged from 150to 2,000 in different years. In 2021 - the 101 people. Those were mainly people of working age, mostly females, single people or widows/widowers. Рrevious medical and dosimetric studies have shown that long-term residence inthe Exclusion Zone affects physical and mental health of «self-settlers» and causes atypical aging, includinginvolvement of the central nervous system. According to calculations, the average effective total radiation doseaccumulated by «self-settlers» for the first 3 years was 30 % of dose for the entire post-accident period, and thedose accumulated over 20 years was 54 % of the dose accumulated over 35 years. But the effective radiation dosesaccumulated in different periods after the accident differ significantly in residents of different Exclusion Zone settlements. This information needs further study in terms of the «radiation dose - health status» dependence. CONCLUSIONS: The effective radiation doses accumulated in different periods after the accident differ significantlyin the residents of different Exclusion Zone settlements. Тhe average effective total radiation dose accumulated by«self-settlers» for the first 3 years was 30 % of the dose for the entire post-accident period, and the dose accumulated over 20 years was 54 % of the dose accumulated over 35 years. Peredumovy. Radiatsiĭni avariï na Chornobyl's'kiĭ AES (SRSR, 1986 r.) ta Fukusima-1 (Iaponiia, 2011 r.) zasvidchy-ly, shcho global'ne zabrudnennia dovkillia ie vtruchanniam v normal'nu zhyttiediial'nist' liudeĭ ta negatyvno vplyvaiena populiatsiĭne zdorov’ia naselennia. Zaznacheni avariï vysvitlyly nyzku normatyvno-pravovykh i medyko-sotsial'-nykh problem shchodo fizychnykh osib («samoseliv»), iaki povernulysia na nebezpechnu za radiatsiĭnym chynnykom tery-toriiu dlia postiĭnogo prozhyvannia.Meta doslidzhennia: uzagal'nennia dosvidu vreguliuvannia normatyvno-pravovykh, ekologo-dozymetrychnykh ta me-dyko-sotsial'nykh aspektiv zhyttiediial'nosti naselennia, iake prozhyvaie v zoni vidchuzhennia Chornobyl's'koï AES(ChAES) («samoseliv»).Ob’iekt ta metody doslidzhennia. Obrana problema maie kompleksnyĭ kharakter, shcho zumovylo neobkhidnist' uza-gal'nennia radiatsiĭno-gigiienichnykh, medyko-biologichnykh, sotsial'no-ekonomichnykh, demografichnykh i sotsiologichnykhnaukovykh doslidzhen' vitchyznianykh ta zarubizhnykh avtoriv. Vykorystano kompleks metodiv teoretychnogodoslidzhennia ĭ analizu empirychnykh danykh na pryntsypakh mizhdystsyplinarnoï vzaiemodiï, zastosovano systemnyĭ,pravovyĭ, ekonomichnyĭ, medyko-biologichnyĭ, demografichnyĭ ta retrospektyvno-dozymetrychnyĭ pidkhody do-slidzhennia.Rezul'taty. Pokazano, shcho pislia avariï na ChAES chastyna naselennia vidmovylasia vid evakuatsiï abo povernulasiadlia postiĭnogo prozhyvannia do radiatsiĭno nebezpechnykh zemel'. U 1986–2009 rr. kil'kist' «samoseliv» kolyva-lasia vid 150 do 2 000 osib u rizni roky, stanom na 2021 r. – 101 osoba. Tse perevazhno osoby pisliapratsezdatno-go viku, zhinky, odynoki abo vdovy/vdivtsi. Vstanovleno, shcho dovgotryvale prozhyvannia na terytoriï zony vidchu-zhennia vplyvaie na stan fizychnogo ta psykhichnogo zdorov’ia «samoseliv» i zumovliuie atypove starinnia, zokrematsentral'noï nervovoï systemy. Zgidno z rozrakhunkamy serednia efektyvna doza sumarnogo oprominennia, nako-pychena «samoselamy» za pershi 3 roky skladaie 30 % vid dozy za ves' pisliaavariĭnyĭ period, a doza, nakopyche-na za 20 rokiv – 54 % vid dozy, nakopychenoï za 35 rokiv. Prote efektyvni dozy oprominennia meshkantsiv-samo-seliv riznykh naselenykh punktiv zony vidchuzhennia, nakopycheni u rizni periody pislia avariï znachno rizniat'sia. Tsiainformatsiia potrebuie podal'shogo vyvchennia u rozrizi «doza oprominennia – stan zdorov’ia».Vysnovky. Pislia avariï na ChAES chastyna naselennia vidmovylasia vid evakuatsiï ta prodovzhyla prozhyvaty naradiatsiĭno nebezpechnykh zemliakh. Efektyvni dozy oprominennia meshkantsiv-samoseliv zony vidchuzhennia, nakopy-cheni u rizni periody pislia avariï znachno rizniat'sia. Serednia efektyvna doza sumarnogo oprominennia, nakopyche-na «samoselamy» za pershi 3 roky skladaie 30 % vid dozy za ves' pisliaavariĭnyĭ period, a doza, nakopychena za20 rokiv – 54 % vid dozy, nakopychenoï za 35 rokiv.

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