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  • Title: Diagnosis and management of massive gastrointestinal bleeding owing to duodenal metastasis from renal cell carcinoma.
    Author: Lynch-Nyhan A, Fishman EK, Kadir S.
    Journal: J Urol; 1987 Sep; 138(3):611-3. PubMed ID: 3498049.
    Abstract:
    We report 3 cases in which duodenal metastases from renal cell carcinoma caused massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding. In 2 patients the initial symptom was melena and 1 experienced hematobilia. In 2 patients the diagnosis was not suspected until a hypervascular mass was seen on arteriography and the bleeding was controlled by embolization of the gastroduodenal artery. In the third patient an aorto-enteric fistula was suspected on contrast-enhanced computerized tomography but arteriography showed hypervascular metastases in the duodenum.
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