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  • Title: Sex-specific Effect of Maternal Thyroid Hormone Trajectories on Preschoolers' Behavioral Development: A Birth Cohort Study.
    Author: Li P, Teng Y, Ru X, Liu Z, Han Y, Tao F, Huang K.
    Journal: J Clin Endocrinol Metab; 2022 Apr 19; 107(5):e2037-e2046. PubMed ID: 34999790.
    Abstract:
    CONTEXT: Maternal thyroid hormone trajectories are a better predictor of offspring's neurodevelopment than hormone levels in single trimester of pregnancy. Programming effect of uterine hormonal environment on offspring's health is usually sex-specific. OBJECTIVE: To examine the sex-specific effect of thyroid hormone trajectories on preschoolers' behavioral development. DESIGN: Based on Ma' anshan Birth Cohort in China, pregnant women were recruited at their first antenatal checkup from May 2013 to September 2014. SETTING: Ma' anshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital in China. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: 1860 mother-child pairs were included in the analysis. Children were followed up at age of 4. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Maternal thyroid hormones [thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4)] and thyroid peroxidase antibody in the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy were retrospectively assayed. Preschoolers' behavioral development was assessed by Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist/1.5~5. RESULTS: Maternal TSH and FT4 levels were respectively fitted into high, moderate, and low trajectories. In boys, maternal high TSH trajectory was related to withdrawn [odds ratio (OR) = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.16, 3.50) and externalizing problems (OR = 2.69, 95% CI: 1.22, 5.92), and moderate TSH trajectory was associated with aggressive behavior (OR = 3.76, 95% CI: 1.16, 12.23). Maternal high FT4 trajectory was associated with anxious/depressed (OR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.08, 4.56) and total problems (OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.13, 2.66), and low FT4 trajectory was associated with aggressive behavior (OR = 4.17, 95% CI: 1.22, 14.24). CONCLUSIONS: Maternal thyroid hormone trajectories impact preschool boys' behavioral development.
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