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  • Title: New Pyridinium Salt Derivatives of 2-(Hydrazinocarbonyl)-3-phenyl-1H-indole-5- sulfonamide as Selective Inhibitors of Tumour-Related Human Carbonic Anhydrase Isoforms IX and XII.
    Author: Güzel-Akdemir Ö, Demir-Yazıcı K, Vullo D, Supuran CT, Akdemir A.
    Journal: Anticancer Agents Med Chem; 2022; 22(14):2637-2646. PubMed ID: 35135455.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: The positively charged membrane impermeant sulfonamides were evaluated as a remarkable class of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) previously. Without affecting the human carbonic anhydrase (hCA), cytosolic isoforms hCA I and II, inhibition of two membrane-associated isoforms hCA IX and XII especially overexpressed in hypoxic tumour cells, makes the pyridinium salt derivatives potent promising therapeutic agents. OBJECTIVE: A novel series of tri, tetra, and cyclo-substituted pyridinium salt derivatives of the lead compound 2- (hydrazinocarbonyl)-3-phenyl-1H-indole-5-sulfonamide has been prepared by using sixteen different pyrylium salts, for the search of selective inhibitors of transmembrane tumour-associated human carbonic anhydrase hCA IX and XII. METHODS: Molecular modeling studies were carried out to understand and rationalize the in vitro enzyme inhibition data. RESULTS: Six of the new compounds showed good inhibitory profiles with low nanomolar range (< 100 nM) against hCA IX/XII, and compound 5 showed excellent potency with Ki values lower than 10 nM. In addition, molecular modelling studies have presented the possible binding modes of the ligands. CONCLUSION: Most of the compounds displayed potent inhibitory activity against the tumor-associated hCA IX and XII in the low nanomolar range and selectivity over the off-targeted isoforms hCA I and II. Due to their cationic structure and membrane-impermeant behavior, it is also expected to maximize the selectivity over cytosolic isoforms hCA I/II while inhibiting tumor overexpressed isoforms hCA XI/XII of new compounds in in vivo conditions.
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