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  • Title: Crystal Structures of Botulinum Neurotoxin Subtypes A4 and A5 Cell Binding Domains in Complex with Receptor Ganglioside.
    Author: Gregory KS, Mojanaga OO, Liu SM, Acharya KR.
    Journal: Toxins (Basel); 2022 Feb 08; 14(2):. PubMed ID: 35202156.
    Abstract:
    Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) cause the potentially fatal neuroparalytic disease botulism that arises due to proteolysis of a SNARE protein. Each BoNT is comprised of three domains: a cell binding domain (HC), a translocation domain (HN), and a catalytic (Zn2+ endopeptidase) domain (LC). The HC is responsible for neuronal specificity by targeting both a protein and ganglioside receptor at the neuromuscular junction. Although highly toxic, some BoNTs are commercially available as therapeutics for the treatment of a range of neuromuscular conditions. Here we present the crystal structures of two BoNT cell binding domains, HC/A4 and HC/A5, in a complex with the oligosaccharide of ganglioside, GD1a and GM1b, respectively. These structures, along with a detailed comparison with the previously reported apo-structures, reveal the conformational changes that occur upon ganglioside binding and the interactions involved.
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