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Title: [Short-term outcomes of prism treatment in a manner of reducing prism diopters step by step for small-angle acute acquired concomitant esotropia].
Author: Wu Y, Feng XL, Chang M, Gao XQ, Li JH, Kong M.
Journal: Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi; 2022 Mar 11; 58(3):187-193. PubMed ID: 35280026.
Abstract:
Objective: To investigate the short-term efficacy of the prism treatment in a manner of reducing prism diopters step by step for small-angle acute acquired concomitant esotropia (AACE). Methods: Retrospective case series study. The clinical data of 17 AACE patients with strabismus ≤25 prism degrees (PD) including 6 males and 11 females, aged 14 to 60 years, who underwent the prism treatment in the Strabismus and Pediatric Ophthalmology Clinic of Shanxi Eye Hospital from October 2018 to June 2020 were collected. The prism treatment was conducted by a step-by-step reduction of prism diopters. An under-corrected prism was applied to the patient for the first time, and the degree of the prism was reduced gradually with the decrease in the degree of strabismus. Statistical analysis was performed after 6 months of treatment. The treatment success was defined as obtaining orthotropia and deleting diplopia when prism glasses were weaned off. The strabismus degree, Worth 4 dot test results, near stereopsis (Titmus stereopsis) and synoptophore fusion function before and after treatment were compared, and the factors affecting the curative effect were analyzed. Statistical methods mainly included paired t-test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, the Fisher exact test and univariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Among these 17 patients, 15 had myopia and 2 had emmetropia. Pretherapeutic esodeviation was (13.94±5.83) PD at near (33 cm), and was (15.76±5.24) PD at distance (6 m). After 6 months of treatment, 7 patients were successfully cured. The deviation angle at distance [(10.60±7.16) PD] and near [(9.80±6.00) PD] of the remaining 10 patients at 6 months after prismatic treatment was significantly smaller than that before treatment [(17.50±5.40) PD and (16.10±5.47) PD; t=3.69, 4.10; both P<0.01]. The Titmus stereogram showed that 2 cases had no stereopsis, 6 cases had peripheral stereopsis, 3 cases had macular stereopsis, and 6 cases had foveal stereopsis before treatment. Stereopsis was significantly improved at 6 months after prismatic treatment, with 3 cases havimg macular stereopsis and 14 cases having foveal stereopsis (Z=-2.99; P<0.01). The Worth-4-dot test disclosed that, the number of patients who saw four lamps at distance and near was 0 and 2 before treatment, and 7 and 9 after treatment, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (both P<0.05). The divergent fusional amplitude and convergent fusional amplitude in the synoptophore at 6 month after treatment was not significantly different from that before treatment (both P>0.05). The efficacy of treatment was not significantly related to the duration from onset to treatment, the pretherapeutic esodeviation, the Titmus stereoacuity, cycloplegic refractive error, and age (all P>0.05). None of the 7 patients, who were successfully cured had a recurrence of esotropia or diplopia during the observation period of 6 to 24 months (median, 11 months). Conclusions: Prism treatment in a manner of step-by-step reduction of prism diopters can significantly diminish the degree of esotropia and improve the binocular function in small-angle AACE. Furthermore, some patients could be cured, achieving orthophoria without diplopia. 目的： 探讨三棱镜递减治疗法对小度数急性共同性内斜视的短期疗效。 方法： 回顾性病例系列研究。收集2018年10月至2020年6月在山西省眼科医院斜视与小儿眼科门诊行三棱镜递减治疗的斜视度数≤25三棱镜度（PD）的17例急性共同性内斜视患者临床资料，其中男性6例，女性11例，年龄14~60岁。三棱镜递减治疗法为首次给予患者压贴欠矫度数的三棱镜，随患者斜视度数的减小逐渐递减压贴的三棱镜度数。所有患者治疗6个月时统计治疗效果。治愈标准为摘掉三棱镜、复视消失及眼位正位。比较患者治疗前与治疗后的斜视度数、近立体视（Titmus立体视觉图）、Worth四灯试验、同视机融合功能并分析影响疗效的相关因素。统计学方法主要为配对t检验、Wilcoxon秩和检验、Fisher确切概率检验及单因素logistic回归分析。 结果： 17例患者中15例为近视眼，2例为正视眼。治疗前戴屈光矫正镜看远的斜视度数为（15.76±5.24）PD，看近的斜视度数为（13.94±5.83）PD。治疗6个月随访时，7例患者达治愈标准；其余10例患者看远、看近斜视度数分别为（10.60±7.16）、（9.80±6.00）PD，与治疗前的看远、看近斜视度数（17.50±5.40）、（16.10±5.47）PD比较均明显减小（t=3.69，4.10；均P<0.01）。17例患者Titmus立体视觉图检查结果，治疗前2例为立体盲、6例为周边立体视、3例为黄斑立体视、6例为中心凹立体视，经三棱镜递减治疗6个月3例为黄斑立体视、14例为中心凹立体视；Worth四灯试验结果，治疗前看远、看近时看到4个灯的患者分别为0、2例，治疗后分别为7、9例；治疗后Titmus立体视觉图（Z=-2.99）和Worth四灯试验结果均较治疗前显著改善，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。治疗后同视机分开性融合和集合性融合范围与治疗前相比差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。病程、治疗前斜视度数、Titmus立体视觉图检查结果、屈光度数、年龄与治疗效果均无明显相关性（均P>0.05）。7例治愈患者继续观察6~24个月（中位数11个月），均未发现内斜视及复视复发。 结论： 三棱镜递减治疗法能在短期内有效改善小度数急性共同性内斜视的斜视度数和双眼视功能，治疗6个月时部分患者可摘掉三棱镜，眼位正位，复视消失。.

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