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  • Title: Indirect effects, via parental factors, of income harshness and unpredictability on kindergarteners' socioemotional functioning.
    Author: Li Z, Belsky J.
    Journal: Dev Psychopathol; 2022 May; 34(2):635-646. PubMed ID: 35287775.
    Abstract:
    Drawing on data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (n = 10,700), we evaluate indirect effects - via parent negative psychology and harsh-inconsistent parenting - of income harshness, unpredictability, and their interaction on kindergarteners' socioemotional development. Income harshness is operationalized as the typical level of family income-to-needs across four repeated measurements from 9 months to kindergarten and unpredictability as random variation across the same repeated measurements. Results indicate that the effects of greater income harshness and the harshness-X-unpredictability interaction (reflecting more predictable income harshness) on more "problematic" child behavior operated via both parent negative psychology (i.e., greater psychological stress) and harsh-inconsistent parenting. Results underscore the utility of simultaneously investigating effects of income harshness and unpredictability, as well as their interaction and mechanisms of influence.
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