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  • Title: Phytolectin conjugated positively charged fatty acid amide impairs virulence factors and inhibits cross-kingdom biofilm formation of Candida albicans and uropathogenic Escherichia coli.
    Author: Subramaniyan SB, Ameen F, Singaravelu DK, Elumalai P, Bhat SA, Veerappan A.
    Journal: J Appl Microbiol; 2022 Dec; 133(6):3252-3264. PubMed ID: 35304937.
    Abstract:
    AIM: Polymicrobial biofilm encasing cross-kingdom micro-organisms are apparent in medicine, which imposes serious resistance to conventional antimicrobial treatment. The objective of the study was to explore Butea monosperma seed lectin (BMSL) conjugated antimicrobial lipid, 2-((N-[2-hydroxyethyl]palmitamido)methyl)-1-methylpyridin-1-ium iodide (cN16E) to inhibit mixed-species biofilm of uropathogenic Escherichia coli-Candida albicans. METHODS AND RESULTS: Antimicrobial activity and antibiofilm of cN16E and cN16E-BMSL conjugate (BcN16E) were analysed against single- and mixed microbial cultures. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) indicates that the MIC of cN16E-BMSL conjugate (BcN16E) against cohabiting UPEC-C. albicans was eightfold lower than the cN16E. BcN16E affects membrane integrity to elicit antimicrobial activity. BcN16E inhibits the dual-species biofilm even with 16 times lower MIC of cN16E. BcN16E impairs the biofilm-associated virulence factors which include extracellular polysaccharides, cell surface hydrophobicity, swimming, swarming motilities, hyphal filamentous morphology, curli formation and haemolysin activity. As a proof of concept, we demonstrated BcN16E ability to inhibit dual-species biofilm formation on a urinary catheter. CONCLUSION: The study revealed that the BcN16E is better than cN16E in impairing biofilm-associated virulence factors and exerting antimicrobial activity. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The findings emphasize that phytolectin has the potential to enhance the anti-virulence strategies of antimicrobials against cross-kingdom biofilm-related infections.
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