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Title: Differential trends in US suicide rates, 1999-2020: Emerging racial and ethnic disparities.
Author: Karaye IM.
Journal: Prev Med; 2022 Jun; 159():107064. PubMed ID: 35452714.
Abstract:
Suicide is an important cause of mortality in the United States. This study aimed to examine US suicide trends by race and ethnicity from 1999 to 2020. Publicly available de-identified data were extracted from the CDC's Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research. The International Classification of Diseases Codes, 10th Revision- X60-X84, U03, and Y87.0 were used to identify suicide decedents aged 10 years and above from 1999 to 2020. A Joinpoint regression model was fitted to estimate the annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change in suicide rate over the study period. From 1999 to 2020, a total of 838,560 persons died by suicide in the US. Recent mortality trends have declined by 3.8% per year (95% CI: -7.1, -0.5) among Non-Hispanic Whites from 2018 to 2020, but have increased among Non-Hispanic Blacks (APC = 6.1; 95% CI: 5.0, 7.3), Asians/Pacific Islanders (APC = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.2, 1.9), American Indians/Alaska Natives (APC = 3.3; 95% CI: 3.0, 3.6), and Hispanics (APC = 3.8; 95% CI: 2.7, 5.0). Based on suicide mechanism, recent trends have increased by firearm (APC = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.5, 2.0) and suffocation (APC = 3.8; 95% CI: 3.5, 4.1), decreased by drug poisoning (APC = -2.9; 95% CI: -3.9, -1.9), and stabilized by non-drug poisoning (APC = 0.6; 95% CI: -2.4, 3.7). Racial and ethnic disparities exist in suicide trends in the United States. Further research to identify individual and contextual factors for the differences may guide effective public health intervention efforts.

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