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  • Title: Combined levator and frontalis muscle advancement flaps for recurrent severe congenital ptosis.
    Author: Diab MMM, Abd-Elaziz K, Allen RC.
    Journal: Eye (Lond); 2023 Apr; 37(6):1100-1106. PubMed ID: 35469061.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: To evaluate the outcomes of combined levator resection and frontalis muscle advancement for surgical management of recurrent severe congenital ptosis. DESIGN: Retrospective, nonrandomized interventional case series. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of patients who underwent combined levator resection and frontalis muscle advancement for recurrent congenital ptosis between 2017 and 2020. Inclusion criteria were levator function of 4 mm or less and margin reflex distance 1 (MRD1) of 0 mm or less. Main outcome measures were postoperative MRD 1, lagophthalmos, lash angle, and grades of eyelid contour and crease. The outcomes were assessed by reviewing medical charts and photographs. RESULTS: Thirty-one patients (35 eyelids) met the inclusion criteria. The mean preoperative MRD1 was -1.14 ± 1.56 mm, which improved to 3.93 ± 0.52 mm with an average lagophthalmos of 0.91 ± 0.74 mm at the last follow-up. A total of 91.4% of eyelids had excellent eyelid contour, crease, and eyelash angle at the final follow-up. One eyelid required revision surgery. There were no other significant complications. CONCLUSIONS: For poor function recurrent congenital ptosis, combining levator resection and frontalis muscle advancement is an effective method that results in long-term correction with cosmetically pleasing outcomes and minimal complications.
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