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Title: [Otologic disorders and management strategies in Turner syndrome].
Author: Si Y, Xiong Y, Zhang LN, Li XH, Feng SP, Liang YS, Zhang LY.
Journal: Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi; 2022 May 07; 57(5):595-601. PubMed ID: 35610679.
Abstract:
Objective: To analyze the incidence and risk factors of otologic disorders in patients with Turner syndrome (TS), so as to provide management strategies for ear health. Methods: This study is a prospective study based on questionnaires and a cross-sectional study. The TS patients who visited our hospital from 2010 January to 2021 March were included (A total of 71 patients with TS were included in this study. the age of TS diagnosed was 3- to 11-year-old, age of visiting ENT department was 4- to 27-year-old) and the incidence of otologic diseases in different age groups was investigated by questionnaires. The cross-sectional study included ear morphology and auditory function assessment, and further analysis of the risk factors that related to ear disease. Prism was used for data analysis. Results: The investigation found that the incidence of acute otitis media in patients aged 3-6 and 7-12 years was higher than that of patients over 12 years old, which was 33.8%(24/71), 42.9%(30/70)and 23.5%(8/34), respectively; 21.1% (15/71) of patients were recurrent acute otitis media in patients aged 3-6 years, and about 46.6% (7/15)of them persisted beyond 6-year. The prevalence of otitis media with effusion in the three groups was 32.4%(23/71), 34.3%(24/70)and 38.2%(13/34), respectively; the recurrence rate of tympanocentesis was 100%(7/7), 42.9%(3/7)and 50.0%(1/2), which was significantly higher than that of grommet insertion. For age groups of 3-6 and 7-12 years, the prevalence of acute otitis media and secretory otitis media was lower in the X chromosome structure abnormal patients; while for patients older than 12 years, otitis media with effusion was the highest prevalence in Y-chromosome-containing karyotypes. In addition, the prevalence of acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion in patients with other system diseases were increased significantly. A cross-sectional study found that 7.0% (5/71)of the lower auricular, 4.2% (3/71)of the external auditory canal narrow, and 38.0% (27/71)of the tympanic membrane abnormality. 35.2%(25/71) had abnormal hearing, including 17 cases of conductive deafness, 6 cases of sensorineural hearing loss, and 2 cases of mixed deafness. The rest of the patients had normal hearing, but 6 of them had abnormalities in otoacoustic emission. Eustachian tube function assessment found that the eustachian tube dysfunction accounted for 38%(27/71). Hearing loss and abnormal Eustachian tube function were not significantly related to karyotype(Chi-square 2.83 and 2.84,P value 0.418 and 0.417), but significantly related to other system diseases(Chi-square 13.43 and 7.53,P value<0.001). Conclusions: The incidence of TS-related otitis media and auditory dysfunction is significantly higher than that of the general population. It not only occurs in preschool girls, but also persists or develops after school age. Accompanied by other system diseases are risk factors for ear diseases. Clinicians should raise their awareness of TS-related ear diseases and incorporate ear health monitoring into routine diagnosis and treatment. 目的： 分析特纳综合征（Turner syndrome，TS）患者耳部疾患的发生率及危险因素，为TS患者的耳健康提供管理策略。 方法： 本研究是以调查问卷为基础的前瞻性横断面研究，纳入2010年1月至2021年3月在中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院就诊的TS患者（共纳入71例，TS诊断时年龄3~11岁，耳鼻喉科就诊时年龄4~27岁），问卷调查患者不同年龄段耳部疾患的发生情况。横断面研究内容包括耳部形态学及听功能评估，并进一步分析引起耳部疾患及听功能改变的危险因素。采用Prism软件进行数据统计分析。 结果： 问卷调查发现急性中耳炎在3~6岁及7~12岁患者中的发生率显著高于12岁以上患者，分别为33.8%（24/71）、42.9%（30/70）及23.5%（8/34）；复发性急性中耳炎在3~6岁患者中的发病比例高达21.1%（15/71），其中约46.6%（7/15）患者会持续到6岁以后。分泌性中耳炎在3~6岁、7~12岁及12岁以上三个年龄段的发生率分别为32.4%（23/71）、34.3%（24/70）及38.2%（13/34），鼓膜穿刺治疗的复发率分别为100%（7/7）、42.9%（3/7）及50.0%（1/2），显著高于鼓膜置管治疗。3~6岁及7~12岁两个年龄段，X染色体结构异常患者急性中耳炎及分泌性中耳炎的患病率低于其他核型患者；大于12岁的患者，急性中耳炎的患病率在各种核型中的差异不明显，分泌性中耳炎在含Y染色体核型中患病率最高。此外，伴随有其他系统疾病患者的急性中耳炎、分泌性中耳炎的发生率明显增加。横断面研究发现本组TS患者中低位耳的发生比例为7.0%（5/71），外耳道狭窄4.2%（3/71），鼓膜形态异常38.0%（27/71），听力异常35.2%（25/71），其中传导性听力损失17例，感音神经性听力损失6例，混合性听力损失2例；其余46例患者听力正常，但其中6例耳声发射异常。咽鼓管功能评估发现咽鼓管功能不良的比例为38%（27/71）。听力下降及咽鼓管功能异常与核型无明显相关性（χ²值分别为2.83和2.84，P值分别为0.418和0.417），但与是否伴随其他疾病显著相关（χ²值分别为13.43和7.53，P值均<0.001），在伴有其他系统疾病的患者中发生比例明显升高。 结论： TS相关的中耳炎及听功能障碍发生比例显著高于普通人群，不仅在学龄前女孩中普遍出现，而且在学龄期后亦持续存在或再发；伴有其他系统疾病是TS患者耳部疾患发生的危险因素。临床医生应提高对TS相关耳部疾患的认识，并将耳健康监测纳入TS常规诊疗中。.

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