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Title: Diversity of Eimeria (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) species and risk factors associated in natural infecting calves at the Southern Agreste Microregion in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil.
Author: Santos KKFD, Macedo LO, Conceição ÂID, Santos LAD, Mendonça CL, Alves LC, Ramos RAN, Carvalho GA.
Journal: Rev Bras Parasitol Vet; 2022; 31(2):e002222. PubMed ID: 35613151.
Abstract:
Eimeria species have importance to calves because of the economic losses. The aim of this study was to identify the species of Eimeria that affect calves and the risk factors associated with its natural infection. Fecal samples (387) were collected from dairy farms in the southern Agreste of Pernambuco. The feces were evaluated using the Gordon & Whitlock technique and were cultured in 2.5% potassium dichromate for sporulation of oocysts. Odds ratio (OR) were calculated to assess risk factors. Eimeria spp. were detected in 50.65% (196/387) of the samples. Eleven species were identified, being Eimeria bovis (26.64%; 548/2057), Eimeria zuernii (19.69%; 405/2057) and Eimeria ellipsoidalis (14.49%; 298/2057) those more frequent. Small herds (OR = 1.93), calves aged up to six months (OR = 2.12), absence of manure pit (OR = 7.52), fortnightly cleaning (OR = 4.71), collective calf pens (OR = 3.26), manual milking (OR = 2.16) and absence of veterinary care (OR = 2.28) were considered to be risk factors. The data revealed pathogenic species in more than 50% of the farms. Thus, the importance of adopting sanitary measures to reduce the spread of these protozoa in herds should be done, because of economic losses associated with its infection. Espécies do gênero Eimeria possuem grande importância para os bezerros devido às perdas econômicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as espécies de Eimeria que acometem bezerros e os fatores de risco associados à infecção. Amostras fecais (387) foram coletadas de animais de fazendas leiteiras do Agreste Meridional de Pernambuco. As fezes foram avaliadas pela técnica de Gordon & Whitlock e realizada cultura em dicromato de potássio 2,5% para esporulação dos oocistos. Odds ratio (OR) foi calculada para avaliar os fatores de risco. Eimeria spp. foram detectadas em 50,65% (196/387) das amostras analisadas. Foram identificadas onze espécies, sendo E. bovis (26,64%; 548/2057), E. zuernii (19,69%; 405/2057) e E. ellipsoidalis (14,49%; 298/2057) as mais frequentes. Pequenos rebanhos (OR = 1,93), bezerros com idade de até seis meses (OR = 2,12), ausência de esterqueira (OR = 7,52), limpeza quinzenal (OR = 4,71), bezerreiros coletivos (OR = 3,26), ordenha manual (OR = 2,16) e ausência de assistência veterinária (OR = 2,28) foram considerados fatores de risco. Os dados revelaram espécies patogênicas em mais de 50% das propriedades. Dessa forma, ressalta-se a importância da adoção de medidas sanitárias, visando à diminuição da propagação desses protozoários nos rebanhos, e perdas econômicas associadas à infecção.

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