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  • Title: [Effects of moderate dose rosuvastatin on carotid plaque in patients with diabetes mellitus evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging].
    Author: Du RX, Cai JM, Wang QJ, Luo LM, Wang XN, Cao RH, Wu HM, Ye P.
    Journal: Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi; 2022 Jun 24; 50(6):570-576. PubMed ID: 35705466.
    Abstract:
    Objective: To observe the effect of lipid regulating therapy on carotid atherosclerotic plaque in diabetic patients. Methods: The REACH study, conducted between March 2009 and February 2012, enrolled asymptomatic patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed carotid atherosclerotic plaque, who had never taken lipid-lowering drugs. Patients were treated with a moderate dose of rosuvastatin for 24 months. Blood lipid levels were measured and carotid MRI was performed at baseline, 3 and 24 months after treatment. The volume of carotid wall and lipid-rich necrotic core (LRNC) were measured by image analysis software. This study retrospectively analyzed patients in the REACH study. Patients were divided into diabetes group and non-diabetic group. The changes of blood lipid level and MRI parameters of carotid atherosclerotic plaque were compared between the two groups and their correlation was analyzed. Results: A total of 38 patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaque were included in this study, including 13 patients (34.2%) in the diabetic group and 25 patients (65.8%) in the non-diabetic group. Baseline parameters were comparable between the two groups, except higher HbA1c level in diabetes group (P<0.05). Compared with baseline, the total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly decreased at 3 and 24 months in both two groups (P<0.05). The change of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in diabetes group was not obvious, while it was significantly increased in non-diabetic group at 24 months ((1.38±0.33) mmol/l vs. (1.26±0.26) mmol/l, P<0.05). MRI results showed that the volume and percentage of LRNC remained unchanged at 3 months, slightly decreased at 24 months (64.86 (45.37, 134.56) mm3 vs. 75.76 (48.20, 115.64) mm3, P>0.05) and (15.84% (11.47%, 24.85%) vs. 16.95% (11.64%, 22.91%), P>0.05) in diabetic group. In non-diabetic group, the volume and percentage of LRNC were significantly decreased at 3 months (63.01 (44.25, 188.64) mm3 vs. 72.49 (51.91, 199.59) mm3, P<0.05) and (13.76% (8.81%, 27.64%) vs. 16.04% (11.18%, 27.05%), P<0.05) respectively. Both parameters further decreased to (55.63 (27.18, 179.40) mm3) and (12.71% (8.39%, 24.41%)) at 24 months (both P<0.05). Wall volume, lumen volume and percent wall volume (PWV) were not affected post therapy in both two groups(P>0.05). There were no correlations between the changes of plaque parameters including volume and percentage of LRNC, wall volume, lumen volume, PWV and the changes of blood lipid parameters (TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and TG) in 3 and 24 months (P>0.05). Conclusion: Lipid-lowering therapy possesses different effects on carotid atherosclerotic plaque in diabetic and non-diabetic patients, and the LRNC improvement is more significant in non-diabetic patients as compared to diabetic patients. 目的： 观察调脂治疗对糖尿病患者颈动脉粥样硬化（AS）斑块的影响。 方法： 2009年3月—2012年2月进行的REACH研究纳入了核磁共振证实有明确颈动脉AS斑块、从未服用调脂药物的无症状患者，予中等剂量瑞舒伐他汀治疗24个月。分别于基线、治疗后3、24个月检测血脂水平，行颈动脉核磁共振检查，并采用图像分析软件测量颈动脉管壁及脂核体积。本研究回顾性分析了REACH研究的患者，按照病史分为糖尿病组及非糖尿病组，比较调脂治疗后两组患者血脂水平及颈动脉AS斑块核磁共振参数的变化情况并分析其相关性。 结果： 本研究共纳入颈动脉AS斑块患者38例，其中糖尿病组13例（34.2%），非糖尿病组25例（65.8%）。基线时糖尿病组糖化血红蛋白水平高于非糖尿病组（P<0.05），其他指标差异无统计学意义。治疗后与自身基线比较，两组总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）以及甘油三酯（TG）水平在3、24个月时均下降（P均<0.05），糖尿病组高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）变化不明显；非糖尿病组该指标在24个月升高［（1.38±0.33）mmol/L比（1.26±0.26）mmol/L，P<0.05］。核磁共振结果显示，糖尿病组脂核体积及其百分比在3个月时无明显改变，24个月时呈轻度下降趋势，分别为64.86（45.37，134.56）mm3比75.76（48.20，115.64）mm3和15.84%（11.47%，24.85%）比16.95%（11.64%，22.91%），但差异无统计学意义（P均>0.05）；非糖尿病组脂核体积及其百分比则在治疗3个月时即降低，分别为63.01（44.25，188.64）mm3比72.49（51.91，199.59）mm3和13.76%（8.81%，27.64%）比16.04%（11.18%，27.05%），24个月时进一步下降至55.63（27.18，179.40）mm3，以及12.71%（8.39%，24.41%）（P均<0.05）。治疗后两组管壁体积、管腔体积及管壁体积百分比（PWV）未发现明显变化（P均>0.05）。两组颈动脉AS斑块各参数的变化与血脂各参数的变化在3、24个月时均未发现相关性（P均>0.05）。 结论： 调脂治疗对糖尿病和非糖尿病患者颈动脉AS斑块影响不同，糖尿病组脂核改善劣于非糖尿病组。.
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