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  • Title: Identification of Human Alanine-Glyoxylate Aminotransferase Ligands as Pharmacological Chaperones for Variants Associated with Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 1.
    Author: Grottelli S, Annunziato G, Pampalone G, Pieroni M, Dindo M, Ferlenghi F, Costantino G, Cellini B.
    Journal: J Med Chem; 2022 Jul 28; 65(14):9718-9734. PubMed ID: 35830169.
    Abstract:
    Primary hyperoxaluria type I (PH1) is a rare kidney disease due to the deficit of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT), a pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme responsible for liver glyoxylate detoxification, which in turn prevents oxalate formation and precipitation as kidney stones. Many PH1-associated missense mutations cause AGT misfolding. Therefore, the use of pharmacological chaperones (PCs), small molecules that promote correct folding, represents a useful therapeutic option. To identify ligands acting as PCs for AGT, we first performed a small screening of commercially available compounds. We tested each molecule by a dual approach aimed at defining the inhibition potency on purified proteins and the chaperone activity in cells expressing a misfolded variant associated with PH1. We then performed a chemical optimization campaign and tested the resulting synthetic molecules using the same approach. Overall, the results allowed us to identify a promising hit compound for AGT and draw conclusions about the requirements for optimal PC activity.
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