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  • Title: Efficiency and acceptability of intrauterine contraceptive devices.
    Author: Trutko NS.
    Journal: Acta Med Hung; 1986; 43(2):103-8. PubMed ID: 3588154.
    Abstract:
    The efficacy and side effects of 6 different IUDs used by 790 women during 22826 menstrual cycles is reported. The conclusion is that modern IUDs have a negligible effect on the health of users if properly followed by regular checkups. The efficacy and side effects of 6 inert and copper-containing IUDs were assessed in 790 women for a total of 22,826 menstrual cycles. The IUDs were inserted on days 5-7 of the menstrual cycle either 4-6 months after uncomplicated delivery or 1-2 months after pregnancy termination. The pregnancy rate was 1.9/100 woman-years for the Lippes Loop, O for the Cu-7 Gravigard, 0.9/100 woman-years for the TCu 200, 0.9/100 woman-years for the Multiload Cu250, 1.3/100 woman-years for the Fincoid Cu 350, and 0.7/100 woman-years for the Nova-T Cu 200 Ag. Overall, the efficacy rate was 1.9 for inert devices and 0.7 for the copper-containing devices. The rate of spontaneous expulsion was 2.1/100 woman-years for inert IUDs and 1.5/100 woman-years for copper IUDs. The majority of expulsions were recorded during menstruation within the 1st 6 months of IUD use. Menstrual disturbances occurred at a rate of 5.5/100 woman-years for inert devices and 2.9/100 woman-years for copper devices. After insertion, most study subjects experienced a shortening of the menstrual cycle, spotting prior to the onset of menstruation, and hyperprolactinemia; however, these disturbances ceased in 85% of subjects by the 4th month of contraception. Finally, pelvic inflammation was 2-3 times higher in users of inert devices. Overall, these findings suggest that the addition of copper to IUDs considerably increases the contraceptive efficacy and decreases the frequency of complications such as expulsion and menstrual disturbances.
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