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  • Title: Comparative multi-locus assessment of modern Asian newts ( Cynops, Paramesotriton, and Pachytriton: Salamandridae) in southern China suggests a shared biogeographic history.
    Author: Yuan ZY, Wu YK, Yan F, Murphy RW, Papenfuss TJ, Wake DB, Zhang YP, Che J.
    Journal: Zool Res; 2022 Sep 18; 43(5):706-718. PubMed ID: 35927393.
    Abstract:
    Evolutionary biologists are always interested in deciphering the geographic context of diversification, therefore they introduced the concept of comparative phylogeography, which helps to identify common mechanisms that contribute to shared genetic structures among organisms from the same region. Here, we used multi-locus genetic data along with environmental data to investigate shared phylogeographic patterns among three Asian-endemic newt genera, Cynops, Paramesotriton and Pachytriton, which occurred in montane/submontane streams or ponds in southern China. Our 222 samples from 78 localities covered the entire range of the three genera and represented the largest dataset of this group to date. We reconstructed matrilineal genealogies from two protein-coding, mitochondrial genes, and gene network from two nuclear genes. We also estimated divergence times of major cladogenetic events and used occurrence data to evaluate niche difference and similarity between lineages. Our results revealed a common basal split in all three genera that corresponds to the separation of two geographic terrains of southern China. Those ancient divergence occurred during middle to late Miocene and likely correlate with paleoclimatic fluctuations caused by the uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau (QTP). Particularly, the strengthening and weakening of Asian summer monsoons during the Miocene may have profoundly impacted southern China and led to repeatedly vicariance in those newts. However, despite differences in realized niches between lineages, there is no evidence for divergence of fundamental niches. Preservation of old newt matriline lineages in mountains of southern China suggests that the region acts as both museums and cradles of speciation. Based on those results, we advocate a multi-pronged protection strategy for newts in the three genera. 复杂地理环境对物种多样性地理格局的影响是进化生物学家研究的热点问题之一，基于多类群的比较系统地理学研究有助于理解来自同一地区的不同生物类群间遗传结构形成的驱动机制。亚洲蝾螈类的三个属（ Cynops、 Paramesotriton和 Pachytriton）的地理分布均横跨中国南方的第二和第三级阶梯，这两个不同的地理环境是否促进了相似物种多样性地理分布格局的形成尚不清楚。该研究采集了来自78个地点的222份样本，涵盖了这三个属的在中国南方分布范围。基于两个线粒体基因和两个核基因数据，分别构建了三属的系统发育关系和单倍型网络图，并估算了该类群的起源与物种分化时间，并进行了祖先地重建的分析。同时，我们还使用各物种的地理环境数据来评估各支系之间的生态位差异和相似性。研究结果发现，这三个属都有一个共同的系统地理分布格局，三个属的内部均分化成两个大的进化支系，分布对应着中国南方的第二和第三级阶梯。有意思的是这一相似的系统地理格局并非同时形成的，而是三次独立发生的分化事件。这些古老的分化发生在中新世中期至晚期，可能与古气候的波动有关，特别是中新世期间亚洲夏季季风反复的增强和减弱可能对中国南方产生了较大的影响，并导致这些蝾螈类的多次分化。然而，尽管第二和第三阶梯的支系之间具有地理环境的差异，但没有证据表明它们的分化是生态位分化驱动的结果。另外，我们的结果发现中国南方的山区不仅保存了很多古老的蝾螈类物种，还促进了大量新物种的产生，该地区既是物种形成的“博物馆”，也是物种形成的“摇篮”。最后，我们基于该研究的结果对这三个类群物种的保护策略提供了参考和依据。.
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