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  • Title: Exercise after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. The force exerted on the tibia by the separate isometric contractions of the quadriceps or the hamstrings.
    Author: Yasuda K, Sasaki T.
    Journal: Clin Orthop Relat Res; 1987 Jul; (220):275-83. PubMed ID: 3595002.
    Abstract:
    The anterior or posterior drawer force exerted on the tibia by the separate isometric contractions of the quadriceps or hamstrings at various angles of knee flexion was examined in 20 healthy males. A two-dimensional model was analyzed using roentgenographic films. In separate isometric contractions of the quadriceps, the mean value of the anterior drawer force was equivalent to 14% of the tension of the quadriceps at 5 degrees knee flexion. The value decreased with the increase in the angle of knee flexion. The mean angle at which the anterior drawer force became zero was 45.3 degrees +/- 12.5 degrees. When the angle was increased further, the posterior drawer force gradually increased. In separate isometric contractions of the hamstrings, the posterior drawer force was exerted at all angles of flexion. Thus, during the early stage of rehabilitation after the anterior cruciate ligament injury, the quadriceps exercise by isometric muscle contraction should be performed with the knee flexion at more than 70 degrees (mean +/- 1.96). Exercise of the hamstrings by isometric muscle contractions can be carried out regardless of flexion angle.
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