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  • Title: [Indications, treatment and evaluation of chronic instability of the anterior cruciate ligament].
    Author: Jakob RP.
    Journal: Orthopade; 1987 Apr; 16(2):130-9. PubMed ID: 3601380.
    Abstract:
    Examination of the patient under anesthesia helps to detect the true degrees of laxity with indication of the Lachmann sign (in millimeters), grading of the Pivot shift, and stress X-rays. Reconstruction using the central third of the patellar ligament anchored by two bone blocks is the most popular technique. The importance of the anatomical attachments of the ligament, recognition of secondary posterior and posterolateral laxity should be stressed. Further extra-articular grafts on the medial and lateral side to enforce the loosened secondary restraints are important. During follow-up treatment, the patient must be taught early to protect the anterior cruciate ligament in order to prevent permanent limitation of movement from occurring later.
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