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Title: [Posterior atlanto-axial intraarticular distraction technique as revision surgery to treat atlanto-axial dislocation associated with basilar invagination].
Author: Zhang BY, Duan WR, Liu ZL, Guan J, Zhang C, Wang ZW, Jian FZ, Chen Z.
Journal: Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi; 2022 Sep 01; 60(9):824-830. PubMed ID: 36058708.
Abstract:
Objective: To examine the effect of posterior atlanto-axial intraarticular distraction technique as revision surgery for failed posterior fossa decompression in patients with basilar invagination(BI) and atlanto-axial dislocation(AAD). Methods: The clinical data of 13 cases of AAD accompanied with BI treated at Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. There were 3 males and 10 females,aged (42.6±9.5) years (range:30 to 63 years). All cases had assimilation of atlas and once underwent posterior fossa decompression. Anterior tissue was released through posterior approach followed by cage implantation into facet joint and occipital-cervical fixation with cantilever technique. The clinical results were evaluated using Japanese Orthopedic Association scale(JOA) and the main radiological measurements including atlantodental interval (ADI), the distance of odontoid tip above Chamberlain line(DCL),clivus-canal angle(CCA) and the length of syrinx were collected. Paired sample t test was used to compared the data before and after operation. Results: All patients underwent surgery successfully, the mean surgical time was (187.7±47.4) minutes (range from 116 to 261 minutes). Twenty occipital condyle screws, 26 C2 pedicle screws and 3 occipital plates were implanted. Clinical symptoms improved in all patients. Twelve patients had complete reduction of basilar invagination and atlanto-axial dislocation, 1 achieved near completely reduction of basilar invagination. The postoperative ADI, DCL and CCA significantly improved((4.3±1.1) mm vs. (1.8±0.8) mm, (11.7±5.0) mm vs. (6.4±2.8) mm, (142.4±7.9)° vs. (133.3±7.9)°, all P<0.01).There were 5 cases with syringomyelia before surgery, and shrinkage of syrinx was observed 1 week after surgery in all cases. Eight patients achieved bone fusion 3 months after surgery, all patients achieved bone fusion 6 months after surgery. The JOA score increased from 12.8±2.3 before surgery to 14.8±1.3 one year after surgery, with statistically significant difference (t=4.416, P<0.01).No implant failure, spacer subsidence and infection were observed. Conclusion: In cases of failure posterior fossa decompression of basilar invagination and atlanto-axial dislocation, using posterior atlanto-axial intraarticular distraction and cantilever technique with cage implantation could achieve complete reduction and symptomatic relief. 目的： 分析后路寰枢椎关节间撑开融合技术治疗后颅窝减压术后的寰枕融合颅底凹陷寰枢椎脱位患者的临床疗效。 方法： 回顾性分析首都医科大学宣武医院神经外科2017年11月至2020年7月收治的13例颅底凹陷寰枢椎脱位患者的病历资料。男性3例，女性10例，年龄（42.6±9.5）岁（范围：30~63岁）。所有患者存在不同程度的寰枕融合，并曾行后颅窝减压术。本次手术采用后入路，撑开寰枢椎关节并松解前方软组织，选取高度适宜的融合器植入侧方关节，并通过悬臂技术进行复位和融合。应用日本骨科协会（JOA）评分评估手术前后患者的临床症状；行X线、CT、MRI等影像学检查，记录影像学指标包括寰齿间距、齿状突尖距钱氏线的距离、斜坡枢椎角及脊髓空洞长度等；记录患者骨性融合时间及术后并发症等。手术前后指标的比较采用配对样本t检验。 结果： 13例患者均顺利完成手术，手术时间为（187.7±47.4）min（范围：116~261 min）；共植入枕髁螺钉20枚，植入枢椎椎弓根螺钉26枚，植入枕骨板3片。所有患者症状均得到缓解。术后1周CT检查结果提示，12例患者均获得完全复位，1例患者接近完全复位。寰齿间距由术前的（4.3±1.1）mm减小至术后的（1.8±0.8）mm，齿状突尖距钱氏线的距离由术前的（11.7±5.0）mm减小至术后的（6.4±2.8）mm，斜坡枢椎角由术前的（142.4±7.9）°降至术后的（133.3±7.9）°，差异均有统计学意义（P值均<0.01）。5例患者术前合并脊髓空洞，术后1周出现脊髓空洞缩小。8例患者术后3个月出现骨性融合，其余5例患者术后6个月出现骨性融合。术后1年患者的JOA评分由术前的（12.8±2.3）分升至（14.8±1.3）分，差异有统计学意义（t=4.416，P<0.01）。无植入物失败、融合器沉降及感染等并发症发生。 结论： 对颅底凹陷寰枢椎脱位行后颅窝减压术后症状无缓解的患者，应用后路寰枢椎关节间撑开融合技术能够实现满意复位并有效缓解症状。.

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