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  • Title: A prospective cohort study of cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and liver cancer incidence in Chinese men.
    Author: Zhang Y, Li ZY, Shen QM, Tuo JY, Tan JY, Tan YT, Li HL, Xiang YB.
    Journal: J Dig Dis; 2022 Aug; 23(8-9):527-534. PubMed ID: 36208410.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVES: Population-based prospective studies on the associations of cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and primary liver cancer remain limited in Mainland China. Our study was designed to evaluate such relationships in middle-aged Chinese men. METHODS: Self-reported habits of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking were obtained from all cohort members at the baseline survey. The outcomes were identified through in-person follow-up and annual record linkage to multiple statistics of vital and cancer registration. Age-adjusted and multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and their corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated utilizing the Cox regression model. RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 12.31 years, 329 cases of incident primary liver cancer occurred among 45 266 male participants. Compared with never smoker, former smoker was positively associated with liver cancer risk, with a multivariable-adjusted HR of 1.42 (95% CI 1.02-1.98). Individuals who had smoked for more than 40 years had a 49% increased risk of liver cancer (HR≥40 years  1.49, 95% CI 1.04-2.14). The association of alcohol drinking with liver cancer showed no statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provided evidence that cigarette smoking was positively associated with an increased liver cancer risk among Chinese men. Attention to such non-viral modifiable risk factors to prevent liver cancer effectively is needed.
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