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  • Title: Citrus juice off-flavor during different processing and storage: Review of odorants, formation pathways, and analytical techniques.
    Author: Jia X, Ren J, Fan G, Reineccius GA, Li X, Zhang N, An Q, Wang Q, Pan S.
    Journal: Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr; 2024; 64(10):3018-3043. PubMed ID: 36218250.
    Abstract:
    As the most widespread juice produced and consumed globally, citrus juice (mandarin juice, orange juice, and grapefruit juice) is appreciated for its attractive and distinct aroma. While the decrease of characteristic aroma-active compounds and the formation of off-flavor compounds are easy to occur in processing and storage conditions. This review provides a comprehensive literature of recent research and discovery on citrus juice off-flavor, primarily focusing on off-flavor compounds induced during processing and storage (i.e., thermal, storage, light, oxygen, package, fruit maturity, diseases, centrifugal pretreatment, and debittering process), formation pathways (i.e., terpene acid-catalyzed hydration, caramelization reaction, Maillard reaction, Strecker degradation, and other oxidative degradation) of the off-flavor compounds, effective inhibitor pathway to off-flavor (i.e., electrical treatments, high pressure processing, microwave processing, ultrasound processing, and chemical treatment), as well as odor assessment techniques based on molecular sensory science. The possible precursors (terpenes, sulfur-containing amino acids, carbohydrates, carotenoids, vitamins, and phenolic acids) of citrus juice off-flavor are listed and are also proposed. This review intends to unravel the regularities of aroma variations and even off-flavor formation of citrus juice during processing and storage. Future aroma analysis techniques will evolve toward a colorimetric sensor array for odor visualization to obtain a "marker" of off-flavor in citrus juice. (1) Processing and storage can cause the degradation of nutrients in citrus juice and the formation of off-flavor compounds.(2) Terpene degradation products, sulfur-containing compounds, phenols, acids, and furans are contributed to citrus juice off-flavor.(3) Nonthermal techniques such as electrical treatments, high pressure, microwave, and ultrasound processing is beneficial to preservation of the original aroma and sensory qualities of citrus juice.(4) Potential off-flavor compounds (especially trace level) explored by molecular sensory science also significantly impact the aroma of citrus juice.
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