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  • Title: [Value of ophthalmoscopy and histology for the prognosis of patients with retinoblastoma].
    Author: Messmer EP, Höpping W, Havers W, Sauerwein W.
    Journal: Klin Padiatr; 1987; 199(3):200-3. PubMed ID: 3626421.
    Abstract:
    The predictive value of prognostic factors is of utmost importance for the treatment of patients with retinoblastoma. Functional results, that may be expected following sight saving therapy, can be deducted from ophthalmoscopic findings. Large tumors, tumors located centrally, the presence of extensive retinal detachment or diffuse vitreous seeding are poor prognostic signs. Histopathologic findings of the enucleated eye harbouring retinoblastoma correlate well with the incidence of metastatic disease. Patients in which the tumor has invaded the choroid, optic nerve or sclera have a high risk of developing metastases.
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