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  • Title: Formation of a mutagen, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]-pyridine (PhIP) in cooked beef, by heating a mixture containing creatinine, phenylalanine and glucose.
    Author: Shioya M, Wakabayashi K, Sato S, Nagao M, Sugimura T.
    Journal: Mutat Res; 1987; 191(3-4):133-8. PubMed ID: 3627151.
    Abstract:
    When a mixture of creatinine, phenylalanine and glucose in diethylene glycol-water solution was heated for 2 h at 128 degrees C, a mutagen, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), was found to be produced, identified by high-performance liquid chromatography, and UV-visible and mass spectrometries. The yield of PhIP was 3.6 nmoles/mmole original creatinine. PhIP was originally isolated from cooked beef, and this study shows creatinine, phenylalanine and glucose to be the probable precursors of PhIP in beef.
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