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  • Title: Lead-Free Relaxor Ferroelectric Ceramics with Ultrahigh Energy Storage Densities via Polymorphic Polar Nanoregions Design.
    Author: Li D, Zhou D, Wang D, Zhao W, Guo Y, Shi Z, Zhou T, Sun SK, Singh C, Trukhanov S, Sombra ASB.
    Journal: Small; 2023 Feb; 19(8):e2206958. PubMed ID: 36507596.
    Abstract:
    One of the long-standing challenges of current lead-free energy storage ceramics for capacitors is how to improve their comprehensive energy storage properties effectively, that is, to achieve a synergistic improvement in the breakdown strength (Eb ) and the difference between maximum polarization (Pmax ) and remnant polarization (Pr ), making them comparable to those of lead-based capacitor materials. Here, a polymorphic polar nanoregions (PNRs) structural design by first introducing 0.06 mol BaTiO3 into Bi0.5 Na0.5 TiO3 is proposed to construct the morphotropic phase boundary with coexisting structures of micrometer-size domains and polymorphic nanodomains, enhance the electric field-induced polarization response (increase Pmax ). Then Sr(Al0.5 Ta0.5 )O3 (SAT)-doped 0.94 Bi0.5 Na0.5 TiO3 -0.06BaTiO3 (BNBT) energy storage ceramics with polymorphic PNRs structures are synthesized following the guidance of phase-field simulation and rational composition design (decrease Pr ). Finally, a large recoverable energy density (Wrec ) of 8.33 J cm-3 and a high energy efficiency (η) of 90.8% under 555 kV cm-1 are obtained in the 0.85BNBT-0.15SAT ceramic prepared by repeated rolling process method (enhance Eb ), superior to most practical lead-free competitors increased consideration of the stability of temperature (a variation <±6.2%) and frequency (Wrec > 5.0  cm-3 , η > 90%) at 400 kV cm-1 . This strategy provides a new conception for the design of other-based multifunctional energy storage dielectrics.
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