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  • Title: Normal and degenerative posterior spinal structures: MR imaging.
    Author: Grenier N, Kressel HY, Schiebler ML, Grossman RI, Dalinka MK.
    Journal: Radiology; 1987 Nov; 165(2):517-25. PubMed ID: 3659376.
    Abstract:
    A retrospective study of the magnetic resonance (MR) images of the lumbar spines of 13 healthy subjects and 30 patients with degenerative changes was done. In the healthy subjects, the vertebral facets, thickness of the cartilage and ligamentum flavum, signal characteristics of the bone marrow, and size of the spinal canal were studied. In the patients with degenerative changes in one of these structures, MR images in the sagittal plane were useful in demonstrating hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum or the vertebral facets, in grading the degree of foraminal stenosis, and in measuring the sagittal diameter of the spinal cord. MR images in the axial plane facilitated detailed analysis of the facet joint and more accurate measurements of the thickness of the ligamentum flavum and spinal canal diameter. MR images were compared with computed tomography scans in 12 patients.
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