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  • Title: [Effects of novel bioactive glasses on promoting remineralization of artificial dentin caries].
    Author: Guo RL, Huang GB, Long YZ, Dong YM.
    Journal: Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban; 2023 Feb 18; 55(1):82-87. PubMed ID: 36718693.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of novel bioactive glasses (BG) including PSC with high phosphorus component and FBG with fluorine-doped element on promoting remineralization of artificial dentin caries. METHODS: (1) BGs were used in this study as follows: PSC (10.8%P2O5-54.2%SiO2-35.0%CaO, mol.%) were synthesized using phytic acid as the phosphorus precursor through sol-gel method. FBG (6.1%P2O5-37.0%SiO2-53.9%CaO-3.0%CaF2, mol.%) and 45S5(6.0%P2O5-45.0%SiO2-24.5%CaO-24.5%Na2O, mol.%) were synthesized by traditional melt method. (2) The above BGs were soaked in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 24 hours. Then X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to analyze the formation of hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals. (3) Prepared 1 mm thick dentin slices were soaked in 17% ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) for 1 week to demineralize the dentin. Then the dentin slices treated by BG were soaked in SBF for 1 week. Field emission scanning electron micro-scopy (FE-SEM) was used to observe the surface morphology of the dentin slices. (4) Four cavities were prepared to 1 mm depth in each 2 mm thick dentin slice, then were treated with lactic acid for 2 weeks to form the artificial dentin caries. Wax, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), PSC and FBG were used to fill four cavities as blank control group, MTA group, PSC group and FBG group respectively. Then the spe-cimens were soaked in SBF for 4 weeks. The changes of depth and density of demineralized dentin were analyzed using Micro-CT before filling and after 2 and 4 weeks filling. RESULTS: (1) PSC and FBG promoted mineral formation on the surfaces of the demineralized dentin. And the speed was faster and crystallinity was higher in PSC group than the FBG and 45S5 groups. (2) The increased mineral density of artificial dentin caries in PSC group were (185.98 ± 55.66) mg/cm3 and (213.64 ± 36.01) mg/cm3 2 and 4 weeks after filling respectively, which were significantly higher than the control group [(20.38 ± 7.55) mg/cm3, P=0.006; (36.46 ± 10.79) mg/cm3, P=0.001]. At meanwhile, PSC group was also higher than MTA group [(57.29 ± 10.09) mg/cm3; (111.02 ± 22.06) mg/cm3], and it had statistical difference (P=0.015; P=0.006). The depth of remineralized dentin in PSC group were (40.0 ± 16.9) μm and (54.5 ± 17.8) μm 2 and 4 weeks respectively, which were also statistically different from the control group (P =0.010;P=0.001). There were no statistical differences between the control group and MTA group. The above effects of FBG group were between PSC and MTA. CONCLUSION: PSC has advantages in the speed, quality and depth of mineral deposition in the demineralized layer of artificial dentin caries. It would be expected to be an ideal material to promote the remineralization of dentin caries. 目的: 研究以植酸为前驱体合成的生物活性玻璃(phytic acid derived bioactive CaO-P2O5-SiO2 gel-glasses，PSC)和含氟生物活性玻璃(fluoride-containing bioactive glasses，FBG)这两种新型生物活性玻璃(bioactive glass，BG)对人工牙本质龋再矿化的作用，为促进牙本质龋再矿化寻找更有效的方法。 方法: (1) PSC是以植酸为磷前驱体、采用溶胶凝胶法制备，其化学组成为10.8%P2O5-54.2%SiO2-35.0%CaO(摩尔百分比)；FBG采用熔融法制备，化学组成为6.1%P2O5-37.0%SiO2-53.9%CaO-3.0%CaF2(摩尔百分比)；传统生物活性玻璃45S5采用熔融法制备, 化学组成为6.0%P2O5-45.0%SiO2-24.5%CaO-24.5%Na2O(摩尔百分比)。(2) 将三种BG浸泡在模拟体液中24 h，使用X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction，XRD)分析BG表面羟基磷灰石形成情况。(3)制备厚度为1 mm的牙本质片，用17%(质量分数)的乙二胺四乙酸溶液(ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid，EDTA)浸泡1周，制备脱矿牙本质样本；使用PSC、FBG处理脱矿牙本质片后在模拟体液中浸泡1周，使用扫描电镜观察和检测样本表面矿物质的形成情况。(4)制备厚度为2 mm的牙本质片，每个样本上制备4个深度为1 mm的窝洞，使用乳酸溶液脱矿2周，制备人工牙本质龋样本。使用蜡块、无机三氧化物聚合体(mineral trioxide aggregate，MTA)、PSC和FBG充填四个窝洞，分别作为空白对照组、MTA组、PSC组和FBG组，随后浸泡在模拟体液中，分别于充填前、充填后2和4周使用显微CT对样本进行扫描，分析人工牙本质龋样本的再矿化情况。 结果: (1) 扫描电镜和XRD结果显示，PSC和FBG促进脱矿牙本质再矿化的效果均优于45S5，尤以PSC组效果更佳。(2)显微CT结果显示，PSC组2周时人工牙本质龋脱矿层矿物质密度的增加量为(185.98±55.66) mg/cm3，4周时增加量为(213.64±36.01) mg/cm3，均与空白对照组[(20.38±7.55) mg/cm3，P=0.006；(36.46±10.79) mg/cm3，P=0.001]差异有统计学意义；PSC组增加量较MTA组[(57.29±10.09) mg/cm3；(111.02±22.06) mg/cm3]更高，且差异均有统计学意义(P=0.015；P=0.006)。对于人工牙本质龋再矿化深度，PSC组2周时为(40.0±16.9) μm，4周时达到(54.5±17.8) μm，与空白对照组相比均差异具有统计学意义(P=0.010；P=0.001)；MTA组与空白对照组相比差异无统计学意义。FBG组矿物质沉积的量和深度均优于MTA组，但不及PSC组。 结论: 新型生物活性玻璃PSC在促进人工牙本质龋脱矿层再矿化的速度、质量和深度上较MTA具有优势，有望成为促进龋坏组织再矿化的理想材料。
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