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  • Title: [Hepatitis B virus X protein promotes podocyte pyroptosis in hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis by down-regulating microRNA -223 targeting NLRP3 inflammasome].
    Author: Yu YN, Chen YQ, Li BS, Yang XQ, Feng MX, Jiang W.
    Journal: Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi; 2023 Jan 15; 39(1):20-31. PubMed ID: 36776011.
    Abstract:
    Objective: To investigate the potential function and related mechanism of microRNA-223 (miRNA-223) in the podocyte pyroptosis of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated glomerulonephritis induced by HBV X protein (HBx). Methods: HBx-overexpressing lentivirus was transfected into human renal podocytes to mimic the pathogenesis of HBV-GN. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blotting experiments were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of pyroptosis-related proteins [nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and caspase-1], and inflammatory factors (interleukin-1β and interleukin-18), respectively.TUNEL staining and flow cytometry were used to detect the number of pyroptosis cells. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of podocytes biomarkers desmin and nephrin; Hoechst 33342 staining was used to observe the morphological and quantitative changes of podocyte nuclei. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure caspase-1 activity. The dual luciferase reporter gene assay was used to verify the downstream target of miRNA-223. Podocytes were divided into the following nine groups: control group (no special treatment), empty plasmid group (transfected with empty plasmid), HBx overexpression group (transfected with HBx overexpression lentivirus), HBx overexpression+miRNA-223 mimic group (transfected with HBx overexpression lentivirus and miRNA-223 mimic), HBx overexpression+miRNA-223 inhibitor group (transfected with HBx overexpression lentivirus and miRNA-223 inhibitor), HBx overexpression+miRNA-223 mimic+NLRP3 group (transfected with HBx overexpression lentivirus, miRNA-223 mimic and NLRP3 overexpression plasmid), HBx overexpression+miRNA-223 mimic+ NLRP3 siRNA group (transfected with HBx overexpression lentivirus, miRNA-223 mimic and NLRP3 siRNA), HBx overexpression+miRNA-223 inhibitor+NLRP3 group (transfected with HBx overexpression lentivirus, miRNA-223 inhibitor and NLRP3 overexpression plasmid), HBx overexpression+miRNA-223 inhibitor+NLRP3 siRNA group (transfected with HBx overexpression lentivirus, miRNA-223 inhibitor and NLRP3 siRNA). Results: miRNA-223 was down-regulated in HBx overexpression group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). TUNEL and immunofluorescence staining showed that NLRP3 knockdown attenuated podocyte injury and pyroptosis induced by HBx overexpression (P < 0.05). Dual luciferase reporter gene assay demonstrated that NLRP3 was one of the downstream targets of miRNA-223. Rescue experiments revealed that NLRP3 overexpression weakened the protective effect of miRNA-223 in podocyte injury (P < 0.05). The addition of miRNA-223 mimic and NLRP3 siRNA decreased the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and cytokines, and reduced the number of pyroptosis cells induced by HBx overexpression (all P < 0.05); The addition of miRNA-223 inhibitor and NLRP3 overexpression plasmid significantly increased the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and cytokines, caspase-1 activity, and the number of pyroptosis cells (all P < 0.05). Conclusion: HBx may promote podocyte pyroptosis of HBV-GN via downregulating miRNA-223 targeting NLRP3 inflammasome, suggesting that miRNA-223 is expected to be a potential target for the treatment of HBV-GN. 目的： 探讨微RNA（microRNA，miRNA）-223在乙型肝炎病毒（hepatitis B virus，HBV）X蛋白（HBV X protein，HBx）诱导的HBV相关性肾炎（HBV-associated glomerulonephritis，HBV-GN）足细胞焦亡中的潜在功能及相关机制。 方法： 采用人肾足细胞中过表达HBx基因来模拟HBV-GN的发病机制。实时荧光定量PCR和Western印迹分别检测焦亡相关蛋白［核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3（nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3，NLRP3）、胱天蛋白酶1（Caspase-1）、凋亡相关斑点样蛋白（apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD，ASC）］及炎性因子［白细胞介素1β、白细胞介素18］mRNA和蛋白的表达水平；双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证miRNA-223的下游靶标；TUNEL染色和流式细胞术检测细胞焦亡情况；免疫荧光检测足细胞损伤标志物Desmin和Nephrin的表达；Hoechst 33342染色观察足细胞细胞核的形态和数量变化；酶联免疫吸附测定检测Caspase-1活性。将足细胞分为以下9组：对照组（不予特殊处理）、空质粒组（转染空质粒）、HBx过表达组（转染HBx过表达慢病毒）、HBx过表达+miRNA-223 mimic组（共转染HBx过表达慢病毒和miRNA-223模拟物）、HBx过表达+miRNA-223 inhibitor组（共转染HBx过表达慢病毒和miRNA-223抑制剂）、HBx过表达+miRNA-223 mimic+NLRP3组（共转染HBx过表达慢病毒、miRNA-223模拟物和NLRP3过表达质粒）、HBx过表达+miRNA-223 mimic+NLRP3 siRNA组（共转染HBx过表达慢病毒、miRNA-223模拟物和NLRP3 siRNA）、HBx过表达+miRNA-223 inhibitor+NLRP3组（共转染HBx过表达慢病毒、miRNA-223抑制剂和NLRP3过表达质粒）、HBx过表达+miRNA-223 inhibitor+NLRP3 siRNA组（共转染HBx过表达慢病毒、miRNA-223抑制剂和NLRP3 siRNA）。 结果： 与对照组相比，HBx过表达组miRNA-223表达较低（P < 0.05）。TUNEL染色和免疫荧光结果显示，敲低NLRP3减弱HBx过表达引起的足细胞损伤和焦亡（P < 0.05）。双荧光素酶报告基因实验证明NLRP3是miRNA-223的下游靶点之一。功能回复实验证明，NLRP3过表达削弱了miRNA-223对足细胞损伤的保护作用（P < 0.05）。miRNA-223 mimic和NLRP3 siRNA的共同加入使HBx过表达诱导升高的NLRP3炎症小体及炎性因子表达下降，焦亡细胞数量减少（均P < 0.05）；而同时引入miRNA-223 inhibitor和NLRP3过表达质粒则使足细胞中NLRP3炎症小体和炎性因子的表达上调，Caspase-1活性升高，焦亡细胞数量增加（均P < 0.05）。 结论： HBx可能通过下调miRNA-223靶向NLRP3炎症小体促进HBV-GN足细胞焦亡。miRNA-223有望成为治疗HBV-GN的潜在靶点。.
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