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  • Title: Female athlete triad cross-sectional study of soccer players by level of competition.
    Author: Matsumoto C, Ishizaka M, Kubo A, Itokazu M.
    Journal: J Phys Ther Sci; 2023 Mar; 35(3):170-174. PubMed ID: 36866004.
    Abstract:
    [Purpose] To determine the actual status of the Female Athlete Triad (low energy availability, menstrual dysfunction, and bone mineral density loss) in soccer players. [Participants and Methods] The survey was conducted between February 1 and March 1, 2022. It included 115 females between the ages of 12 and 28 registered with the Japan Football Association, from teams at different levels. [Results] Players in the top league did not differ in height and weight but were older and had a better understanding of caloric intake. There were no differences in amenorrhea or history of bone fractures based on league. [Conclusion] Of the female soccer players in the four different levels of competition, only the players in the top league had a better understanding of available energy and took preventive measures against the Female Athlete Triad.
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