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  • Title: Heterotopic Ossification Bone Formation in the Frontal Bones of an African Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus).
    Author: Hollwarth AJ, Esmans MC, Herrmann A, Dutton TAG.
    Journal: J Avian Med Surg; 2023 Mar; 36(4):388-393. PubMed ID: 36935210.
    Abstract:
    A 5-year-old, male African grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus) was presented with multiple, slow-growing, firm, bilateral masses around the dorsal orbital rims. Computer tomographic imaging revealed mild, incomplete bridging bone formation on the rostrodorsal aspects of the head. A moderate amount of smooth bone formation was identified at the rostrodorsal aspect to the left orbit, with minimal associated soft tissue swelling. Surgical biopsies were collected from the masses and histopathological analysis of the most rostral right mass showed well-differentiated bone, surrounded by dense fibrous connective tissue. Scattered, well-differentiated osteocytes were present within the bone. No evidence of neoplastic changes or infectious agents were identified. The histopathological changes were consistent with metaplastic bone formation. History obtained from the owner revealed recent head trauma, which likely induced the cranial heterotopic ossification in the African grey parrot.
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