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Title: [Determination of complexation ability of rhubarb with copper ions by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography].
Author: Liu YP, Zhang W, Liu XJ, Wu H, Zhou A.
Journal: Se Pu; 2023 Apr; 41(4):323-329. PubMed ID: 37005919.
Abstract:
Gandou decoction (GDD) is a traditional Chinese medicine prescription that has been widely used to treat copper metabolism disorders in China with remarkable clinical effect and lower toxicity. However, evaluation of the complexation ability of copper ions is challenging, which hinders screening and discovery of coordinate active ingredients in GDD. An analytical method is needed to determinate the complexation ability of chemical constituents with copper ions. In this study, a rapid and accurate method based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) was developed to determine the complexing ability of rhubarb with copper ions. First, the optimal coordination reaction conditions between active ingredients of rhubarb and copper ions were determined. The samples were separated using an Agilent Eclipse Plus C18 column (50 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) with 5 μL injection volumes. The mobile phase was gradient eluted with methanol and water containing 0.1% (v/v) phosphoric acid at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The detection wavelength was 254 nm and the column temperature was 30 ℃. Under the optimized chromatographic conditions, the rhubarb constituents were effectively separated. Next, peak areas of rhubarb were calculated before and after the coordination reaction between copper ions. The complexing ability of active ingredients in rhubarb with copper ions was evaluated by calculating the rate of changes of their chromatographic peak areas. Finally, ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was used to identify the coordination active ingredients in rhubarb extract. Focusing on the coordination reaction conditions between active ingredients of rhubarb and copper ions revealed that the active ingredients of rhubarb and copper ions reached equilibrium by coordination reaction at pH 9 for 12 h. Methodological evaluation revealed the good stability and repeatability of the method. Under these conditions, 20 major components of rhubarb were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. According to the coordination rate of each component and copper ions, eight components with strong coordination were screened out (gallic acid 3-O-β-D-(6'-O-galloyl)-glucopyranoside, aloe emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside, sennoside B, l-O-galloyl-2-O-cinnamoyl-glucoside, chysophanol-8-O-β-D-(6″-O-acetyl)-glucoside, aloe-emodin, rhein and emodin). The respective complexation rates of the components were 62.50%, 29.94%, 70.58%, 32.77%, 34.61%, 26.07%, 28.73% and 31.78%. Compared with other reported methods, the presently developed method can be used to screen the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines that have complexing ability with copper ions, especially in complex mixture systems. This study describes an effective detection technology for evaluating and screening the complexing ability of other traditional Chinese medicines with metal ions. 中药肝豆汤治疗铜代谢障碍疾病具有疗效显著、副作用小的优势,但由于缺乏评价铜离子(Cu²⁺)络合能力的技术手段,限制了肝豆汤配位活性成分的筛查和发现。为评价复方肝豆汤中主药大黄对铜离子的络合能力,该文通过优化大黄活性成分与铜离子配位反应条件,建立了超高效液相色谱法(UHPLC)测定中药大黄与铜离子络合能力的方法。样品经Agilent Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱(50 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8 μm)分离,以甲醇-0.1%(v/v)磷酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,柱温30 ℃,流速为0.3 mL/min,检测波长为254 nm,进样体积为5 μL。研究通过UHPLC分析比较大黄与铜离子配位反应前后色谱峰变化,超高效液相色谱四极杆-飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)鉴定大黄提取物中配位活性成分,计算大黄提取物与铜离子配位反应前后其色谱峰面积变化率来评价大黄中活性成分与Cu²⁺的络合能力。结果显示,大黄提取物与Cu²⁺在pH为9的体系中配位反应12 h达到平衡;鉴定出大黄提取物中20种主要成分,根据Cu²⁺配位率筛选出8种具有较强配位能力的化合物,其中没食子酸-3-O-β-D-(6'-O-没食子酰基)-吡喃葡萄糖苷、芦荟大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、番泻苷B、l-O-没食子酰基-2-O-肉桂酰基-葡萄糖苷、大黄酚-8-O-β-D-(6″-O-乙酰)-葡萄糖苷、芦荟大黄素、大黄酸和大黄素的Cu²⁺配位率依次为62.50%、29.94%、70.58%、32.77%、34.61%、26.07%、28.73%和31.78%。该方法的建立可用于筛选与Cu²⁺具有络合能力的中药活性成分,同时可为其他中药与金属离子络合能力的评估和筛选提供借鉴。

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