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  • Title: Metabolizable energy and apparent total tract digestibility of energy and nutrients differ among samples of sunflower meal and sunflower expellers fed to growing pigs.
    Author: Ibagon JA, Lee SA, Stein HH.
    Journal: J Anim Sci; 2023 Jan 03; 101():. PubMed ID: 37084794.
    Abstract:
    An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that there are no differences among samples of sunflower coproducts in apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE), crude protein (CP), and acid hydrolyzed ether extract (AEE), total dietary fiber (TDF), insoluble dietary fiber, soluble dietary fiber (SDF), or in metabolizable energy (ME) regardless of where the ingredient was produced. Six samples of sunflower meal (SFM) were obtained from the United States (two samples), Ukraine (two samples), Hungary, and Italy. A sample of sunflower expellers (SFE) from the United States was also used. A corn-based control diet and 7 diets containing corn and each sample of sunflower coproducts were formulated. Sixty-four barrows (initial weight = 31.5 ± 3.2 kg) were allotted to 8 diets using a randomized complete block design with four blocks of pigs from four different weaning groups. Pigs were housed individually in metabolism crates and feed was provided at three times energy requirement for maintenance. Feces and urine were collected for four days after seven days of adaptation to diets. Results indicated that the ATTD of GE and CP in SFE was less (P < 0.05) than in SFM, but ATTD of AEE in SFE was greater (P < 0.05) compared with SFM. No difference in ME between SFM and SFE was observed. The ATTD of GE and TDF in SFM from Ukraine and Hungary was greater (P < 0.05) than in SFM from the United States or Italy. The ATTD of AEE did not differ among SFM samples with the exception that ATTD of AEE in the U.S. 2 sample was greater (P < 0.05) than in the other samples. The ATTD of SDF was less (P < 0.05) in the U.S. 1 sample and the sample from Italy than in the other samples. The ATTD of TDF was greater in the Ukraine 2 sample of SFM (P < 0.05) than in the two U.S. samples. The ME in the SFM samples from Ukraine and in the SFM from Hungary was greater (P < 0.05) than in the U.S. 1 sample and the SFM from Italy. In conclusion, ATTD of GE and nutrients differed between SFM and SFE, but the ATTD of TDF and the ME in SFM was not different from value for SFE. Among SFM samples, relatively small variations in ATTD of GE, AEE, and CP were observed, but ME and digestibility of TDF varied. Global oilseed production has been increasing due to the increased demand for oil as well as the increased demand for amino acids for livestock feeding. In addition to providing amino acids, sunflower meal (SFM) and sunflower expellers (SFE) also provide energy and other nutrients to the diets. Because the concentration of residual oil is less in SFM than in SFE, it is expected that SFE provides more energy to diets than SFM. However, data for the digestibility of nutrients and gross energy and concentrations of digestible energy and metabolizable energy in different samples of SFM or SFE are limited. Therefore, the objective of this research was to test the null hypothesis that there are no differences in the apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients and gross energy and concentration of digestible energy and metabolizable energy among SFM and SFE when fed to growing pigs. Results demonstrated that values for apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients and gross energy differed among samples of SFM produced in different countries. However, concentrations of digestible energy and metabolizable energy were not different in SFE compared with SFM despite a greater concentration of fat in SFE.
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