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  • Title: Spatial scale applicability of 4-Scale geometrical optics model canopy reflectance simulation.
    Author: Wei M, Fan WY, Zhang HJ, Yu Y, Wu GM, Cheng TH.
    Journal: Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao; 2023 Mar; 34(3):605-613. PubMed ID: 37087642.
    Abstract:
    Accurately clarifying the applicable spatial scale of 4-Scale model is conducive to improving the accuracy of its application in canopy reflectance simulation of different vegetation types, and to further improving the inversion accuracy of leaf area index, canopy density, and other parameters. Two forest plots (one for broad-leaved forest and one for mixed forest) with each area of 100 m×100 m in Maoershan Experimental Forest Farm, Shangzhi, Heilongjiang, were divided into the spatial scales of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 m, respectively. The 4-Scale model was used to simulate forest canopy reflectance. Local mean method, the nearest neighbor method, bilinear interpolation method, and cubic convolution method were used to convert Sentinel-2 images with spatial resolution of 10 m to other scales, with the results being evaluated. The simulated canopy reflectance and remote sensing pixel reflectance were compared and analyzed. The spatial scale of mixed forest and broad-leaved forest suitable for high-precision inversion parameters of 4-Scale model was determined. The results showed that the 4-Scale model underestimated the pixel forest canopy reflectance as a whole. The canopy reflectance of mixed forest and broad-leaved forest had the worst simulation effect at the 20 m scale. Both the root mean square error (RMSE) and the mean absolute error from (MAE) of red and near-infrared band were large. When the scale was >20 m, the simulation effect became better. The applicability of the model was the best when the mixed forest was 40 m and the broad-leaved forest was 30 m. The mean and standard deviation of the reflectance difference between the simulated value and the remote sensing pixel were the minimum in the red and near near-infrared bands, with the minimum RMSE and MAE. The simulation results of mixed forest and broad-leaved forest at 10 m scale were not stable, the rule of mean and standard deviation was inconsistent, and the difference between RMSE and MAE was large under the same band. 明确4-Scale模型模拟森林冠层反射率适用的空间尺度,有助于提高其应用于不同植被类型冠层反射率模拟时的精度,进而提升其开展叶面积指数、郁闭度和其他参数的反演精度。以黑龙江省尚志市帽儿山实验林场2块100 m×100 m森林样地(阔叶林与混交林各一块)为研究对象,分别分割为10、20、30、40和50 m空间尺度,使用4-Scale模型模拟森林冠层反射率,采用局部平均法、最邻近法、双线性内插法和立方卷积法对空间分辨率为10 m的Sentinel-2影像升尺度转换至其他尺度并评价,对比分析模拟冠层反射率和遥感像元反射率,明确混交林和阔叶林适合4-Scale模型高精度反演参数的空间尺度。结果表明: 4-Scale模型整体低估了像元森林冠层反射率,混交林和阔叶林冠层反射率在20 m尺度的模拟效果均最差,红光波段和近红外波段的均方根误差(RMSE)和平均绝对偏差(MAE)均较大;>20 m尺度的模拟效果开始变好,混交林40 m、阔叶林30 m时模型的适用性最佳,红光波段和近红外波段下,模拟值与遥感像元反射率之差的均值和标准差最小, RMSE和MAE同样最小;10 m尺度混交林和阔叶林模拟结果均不稳定,均值与标准差的规律不一致,相同波段下的RMSE和MAE差距较大。.
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