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  • Title: Construction of prognostic risk model of bladder cancer based on cuproptosis-related long non-coding RNAs.
    Author: Xu C, Chen A, Mao C, Cui B.
    Journal: Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban; 2023 Apr 25; 52(2):139-147. PubMed ID: 37283097.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVES: To construct a prognosis risk model based on long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) related to cuproptosis and to evaluate its application in assessing prognosis risk of bladder cancer patients. METHODS: RNA sequence data and clinical data of bladder cancer patients were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas database. The correlation between lncRNAs related to cuproptosis and bladder cancer prognosis was analyzed with Pearson correlation analysis, univariate Cox regression, Lasso regression, and multivariate Cox regression. Then a cuproptosis-related lncRNA prognostic risk scoring equation was constructed. Patients were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups based on the median risk score, and the immune cell abundance between the two groups were compared. The accuracy of the risk scoring equation was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and the application of the risk scoring equation in predicting 1, 3 and 5-year survival rates was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression were used to screen for prognostic factors related to bladder cancer patients, and a prognostic risk assessment nomogram was constructed, the accuracy of which was evaluated with calibration curves. RESULTS: A prognostic risk scoring equation for bladder cancer patients was constructed based on nine cuproptosis-related lncRNAs. Immune infiltration analysis showed that the abundances of M0 macrophages, M1 macrophages, M2 macrophages, resting mast cells and neutrophils in the high-risk group were significantly higher than those in the low-risk group, while the abundances of CD8+ T cells, helper T cells, regulatory T cells and plasma cells in the low-risk group were significantly higher than those in the high-risk group (all P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that the total survival and progression-free survival of the low-risk group were longer than those of the high-risk group (both P<0.01). Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis showed that the risk score, age and tumor stage were independent factors for patient prognosis. The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of the risk score in predicting 1, 3 and 5-year survival was 0.716, 0.697 and 0.717, respectively. When combined with age and tumor stage, the AUC for predicting 1-year prognosis increased to 0.725. The prognostic risk assessment nomogram for bladder cancer patients constructed based on patient age, tumor stage, and risk score had a prediction value that was consistent with the actual value. CONCLUSIONS: A bladder cancer patient prognosis risk assessment model based on cuproptosis-related lncRNA has been successfully constructed in this study. The model can predict the prognosis of bladder cancer patients and their immune infiltration status, which may also provide a reference for tumor immunotherapy. 目的: 基于铜死亡相关长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）构建膀胱癌患者预后风险评估模型。方法: 下载癌症基因组图谱数据库中的膀胱癌患者RNA序列数据和临床数据，采用Pearson相关性分析、单因素Cox回归、Lasso回归和多因素Cox回归分析筛选与铜死亡及膀胱癌患者预后相关的lncRNA，并构建铜死亡相关的lncRNA膀胱癌患者预后风险评分方程。根据风险评分方程计算的中位数将患者分为高风险组和低风险组，比较两组免疫细胞丰度差异。应用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线评估风险评分方程的准确性；应用受试者操作特征曲线（ROC曲线）评估风险评分方程预测患者1、3、5年存活率的价值；采用单因素和多因素Cox回归筛选与膀胱癌患者预后相关的影响因素，构建膀胱癌患者预后风险评估列线图，并通过校准曲线评估列线图预测的准确性。结果: 膀胱癌患者预后风险评分方程由9个铜死亡相关的lncRNA构建。免疫浸润分析结果显示，高风险组M0巨噬细胞、M1巨噬细胞、M2巨噬细胞、静息肥大细胞及中性粒细胞丰度明显高于低风险组，而低风险组CD8+T细胞、辅助性T细胞、调节性T细胞及浆细胞丰度明显高于高风险组（均P<0.05）。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析结果显示，与高风险组比较，低风险组的总生存期和无进展生存期更长（均P<0.01）。单因素和多因素Cox回归分析结果显示，风险评分、年龄及肿瘤分期为患者预后的独立影响因素。ROC曲线分析结果显示，风险评分预测患者1、3、5年生存曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.716、0.697、0.717，当联合年龄、肿瘤分期后，其预测患者1年生存的AUC可提高至0.725。基于患者年龄、肿瘤分期和风险评分构建的膀胱癌患者预后风险评估列线图，其预测值与实际值基本一致。结论: 基于铜死亡相关lncRNA构建的膀胱癌患者预后风险评估模型不仅能较准确地预测膀胱癌患者的预后，还可以评估患者的免疫浸润状态，为后续肿瘤免疫治疗提供参考。. OBJECTIVE: To construct a prognosis risk model based on long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) related to cuproptosis and to evaluate its application in assessing prognosis risk of bladder cancer patients. METHODS: RNA sequence data and clinical data of bladder cancer patients were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas database. The correlation between lncRNAs related to cuproptosis and bladder cancer prognosis was analyzed with Pearson correlation analysis, univariate Cox regression, Lasso regression, and multivariate Cox regression. Then a cuproptosis-related lncRNA prognostic risk scoring equation was constructed. Patients were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups based on the median risk score, and the immune cell abundance between the two groups were compared. The accuracy of the risk scoring equation was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and the application of the risk scoring equation in predicting 1, 3 and 5-year survival rates was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression were used to screen for prognostic factors related to bladder cancer patients, and a prognostic risk assessment nomogram was constructed, the accuracy of which was evaluated with calibration curves. RESULTS: A prognostic risk scoring equation for bladder cancer patients was constructed based on nine cuproptosis-related lncRNAs. Immune infiltration analysis showed that the abundances of M0 macrophages, M1 macrophages, M2 macrophages, resting mast cells and neutrophils in the high-risk group were significantly higher than those in the low-risk group, while the abundances of CD8+ T cells, helper T cells, regulatory T cells and plasma cells in the low-risk group were significantly higher than those in the high-risk group (all P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that the total survival and progression-free survival of the low-risk group were longer than those of the high-risk group (both P<0.01). Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis showed that the risk score, age and tumor stage were independent factors for patient prognosis. The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of the risk score in predicting 1, 3 and 5-year survival was 0.716, 0.697 and 0.717, respectively. When combined with age and tumor stage, the AUC for predicting 1-year prognosis increased to 0.725. The prognostic risk assessment nomogram for bladder cancer patients constructed based on patient age, tumor stage, and risk score had a prediction value that was consistent with the actual value. CONCLUSIONS: A bladder cancer patient prognosis risk assessment model based on cuproptosis-related lncRNA has been successfully constructed in this study. The model can predict the prognosis of bladder cancer patients and their immune infiltration status, which may also provide a reference for tumor immunotherapy.
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