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  • Title: Nitrogen sources and conversion processes in shallow groundwater around a plain lake (Northwest China): Evidenced by multiple isotopes and water chemistry.
    Author: Feng B, Zhong Y, He J, Sha X, Fang L, Xu Z, Qi Y.
    Journal: Chemosphere; 2023 Oct; 337():139322. PubMed ID: 37356584.
    Abstract:
    The groundwater quality is severely impacted by Nitrate (NO3--N) pollution worldwide. Effective lake quality management depends on understanding the origin and fate of nitrogen (N) in the groundwater around lakes. This study combined data for multiple stable isotopes (δ2H-H2O and δ18O-H2O, δ15N-NO3 and δ18O-NO3) and hydrochemistry with the hydrodynamic monitoring profile and a Bayesian isotope mixing (MixSIAR) model to clarify the sources and transformation of N within shallow groundwater around Shahu Lake in the arid area plain of Northwest China. In May 2022, multiple water samples were collected from aquifers (n = 33), drainage water (n = 1), channel water (n = 1), and lake water (n = 7). The results showed that 57% of groundwater samples had high NO3--N concentrations exceeding the World Health Organisation threshold for drinking water (10 mg/L). The high variation in δ15N-NO3 (from -9.21‰ to +27.57‰) and δ18O-NO3 (from -8.32‰ to +19.04‰) revealed multiple N sources and conversion processes. According to nitrate isotopes and the MixSIAR model, N fertilizer, soil organic N and manure, and sewage are the main sources of nitrogen in groundwater and lake water, which account for 40.61%, 35.86%, and 21.55% of groundwater NO3--N, respectively, and 35.07%, 34.43%, and 27.49% of lake water NO3--N. Hydrodynamic monitoring combined with water isotopes showed that upper groundwater (5-10 m) within 1.22 km of the adjacent lake shore strongly interacted with the lake. In groundwater, nitrification predominated, while local denitrification remained a possibility. In conclusion, this research offers a comprehensive approach to determining the sources and conversion of N in contaminated groundwater.
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