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  • Title: Change of world-record rankings of shot put and hammer throw due to the effects of Earth rotation and athlete's height.
    Author: Horváth G, Hegedűs D, Slíz-Balogh J.
    Journal: Sci Rep; 2023 Jun 27; 13(1):10409. PubMed ID: 37369722.
    Abstract:
    The differences between the consecutive world-records of shot put and hammer throw tendentiously decrease. Therefore, nowadays it would be worth taking into account the influence of certain environmental factors on the range L, such as the latitude and release azimuth direction. Both factors exert influence on L by the centrifugal acceleration acentrigugal and Coriolis acceleration aCoriolis induced by the Earth's rotation. The aim of this work is to reveal how the world-record ranking numbers would change, if acentrigugal and aCoriolis as well as the athletes' height h were taken into account during the validation of the outdoor world records of senior female and male shot-putters and hammer-throwers. Using computer modelling, we reconstruct here the release velocities v of shots and hammers and the normalized muscle work of shot-putters achieved at the 20 best consecutive world records. We determined numerous changes of world-record ranking numbers of shot put and hammer throw due to the influence of acentrigugal, aCoriolis and h. Height h has the largest effect on the range L, acentrigugal has a medium influence, and aCoriolis possesses the least impact on L. The physically most correct way would be to consider the release velocity v of the shot/hammer (easily measurable with an ultrasound/laser Doppler gauge) as the real performance of athletes, because it is practically independent of the environmental factors, and thus is a much better ranking measure of world records than the range.
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