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  • Title: [The association between cortical venous outflow and futile recanalization in patients with acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation].
    Author: Li SY, Hong L, Liu XY, Zhang YR, Ling YF, Cheng X.
    Journal: Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi; 2023 Aug 08; 103(29):2210-2217. PubMed ID: 37544756.
    Abstract:
    Objective: To explore the association of baseline venous outflow (VO) profile with futile recanalization in patients with acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation. Methods: The clinical and imaging data of patients presented with large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation and underwent emergency endovascular treatment at Huashan Hospital from March 2015 to December 2021 were retrospectively included in the study. All patients were assessed by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at baseline.Baseline VO profile was determined by a 0-6 semi-quantitative scoring system which assessed opacification of the ipsilateral superficial middle cerebral vein, vein of Labbé and vein of Trolard on single-phase CT angiography (CTA) images. A 90-day telephone follow-up was performed and functional outcome was evaluated by 90 d modified Rankin scale (mRS). Successful recanalization of the occluded artery, defined as final modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction scale (mTICI) 2b-3, was considered to be futile if patients failed to achieve functional independence (90 d mRS 0-2). Univariate analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were used to explore the optimal cutoff predicting functional indendence. The associations between cortical VO in ischemic area and futile recanalization were evaluated using binary logistic regression analysis and backward linear regression based on Akaike information criterion (AIC). Results: A total of 150 patients met the inclusion criteria, with 92 males (61.3%) and 58 females (38.7%). The median age [M(Q1, Q3)]was 71 (61, 78) years and the median baseline National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score [M(Q1, Q3)]was 15 (11, 18). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that baseline VO was associated with 90-day functional independence (OR=1.587, 95%CI: 1.185-2.1873). After classifying VO into two categories based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, VO≥4 showed an independent association with functional independence (OR=5.133, 95%CI: 1.530-9.361) after adjusting for age, baseline glucose, NIHSS score, baseline infarct core volume, modified Tan (mTan) score, hypoperfusion intensity ratio (HIR), etiological classification, recanalization, presence of any hemorrhagic transformation and final infarct volume. Futile recanalization was observed in 44 (48.4%) of the 91 patients who achieved successful recanalization. Stepwise logistic regression revealed that VO≥4 was an independent protective factor for futile recanalization (OR=0.234, 95%CI: 0.054-0.878). Moreover, in patients with mTICI 2c-3, VO≥4 showed a stronger association with futile recanalization (OR=0.018, 95%CI: 0-0.255). Conclusion: A favorable VO profile at onset protects against futile recanalization in patients with large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation, and provides a simple and feasible auxiliary method for predicting the prognosis of endovascular therapy in such patients. 目的： 在前循环大血管闭塞性急性缺血性卒中患者中，探讨基线皮质静脉引流与血管内治疗后无效再通的关联。 方法： 回顾性收集2015年3月至2021年12月于复旦大学附属华山医院神经内科进行急诊血管内治疗的前循环大血管闭塞患者的临床及影像学资料，每例患者均进行基线美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评估。根据基线CT血管造影（CTA）图像上大脑中浅静脉、Trolard静脉和Labbé静脉的显影情况，采用0~6分的半定量评分系统评价缺血半球皮质静脉引流（VO）。发病后90 d对研究对象进行电话随访，采用90 d改良Rankin量表（mRS）评分评估功能预后。无效再通定义为血管再通［改良脑梗死溶栓（mTICI）分级达到2b级及以上］后的不良预后（90 d mRS评分 3~6分）。通过单因素分析和受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线寻找VO预测良好预后的最佳截断值。通过多因素logistic回归模型和基于赤池信息准则（AIC）的向后逐步回归进行变量筛选，分析缺血区VO与无效再通的关联。 结果： 共纳入150例患者，其中男92（61.3%）例，女58（38.7%）例，年龄［M（Q1，Q3）］71（61，78）岁，基线NIHSS评分［M（Q1，Q3）］为15（11，18）分。单因素分析显示，缺血区VO与血管内治疗后90 d良好预后相关（OR=1.587，95%CI：1.185~2.187）。根据ROC曲线将VO评分二分类，校正年龄、基线血糖、NIHSS、基线梗死核心体积、改良Tan评分（mTan）、低灌注强度比值（HIR）、病因分型、血管再通、出血转化及最终梗死体积后，VO评分≥4分是90 d良好预后的相关因素（OR=5.133，95%CI：1.530~19.361）。在91（60.7%）例成功再通（mTICI 分级2b级及以上）的患者中，44例未能获得良好功能预后。逐步回归发现，VO评分≥4分的患者血管再通后发生不良预后的风险较低（OR=0.234，95%CI：0.054~0.878）。在获得完全再通（mTICI 分级2c级及以上）的患者中，VO评分≥4分亦与更低的无效再通风险相关（OR=0.018，95%CI：0~0.255）。 结论： 缺血区VO能降低前循环大血管闭塞性卒中无效再通的风险。.
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