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Title: [Measurement and analysis of the crown conical degree of maxillary incisors in patients with congenital tooth agenesis caused by different gene mutations].
Author: Ding JN, Liu HC, Yu M, Liu Y, Han D.
Journal: Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi; 2023 Aug 09; 58(8):821-828. PubMed ID: 37550043.
Abstract:
Objective: To measure the crown conical degree of the remaining maxillary incisors in patients with congenital tooth agenesis, and to analyze the influence of different gene mutations on the crown conical degree of patients. Methods: Whole exome sequencing was performed on 85 patients with congenital tooth agenesis (50 males, 35 females, median age 19 years old) who visited the Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from January 2019 to January 2023. The pathogenic gene was identified. The width of the crowns of the maxillary central and lateral incisors at the incisal 1/3 and gingival 1/3 were measured on the panoramic radiograph, and the ratio was defined as the crown conical degree. The smaller the ratio is, the more likely is the crown to be peg shaped teeth. The control group was matched by age and gender with 85 other patients with intact maxillary permanent incisors who were treated in the Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from January 2019 to January 2023. The conical degree of the tooth agenesis group was compared with the control group by t-test, and the differences in the crown conical degree in different gene mutation groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance, and the multiple comparisons among gene groups were carried out using the LSD method. Results: Among the 85 tooth agenesis patients, the numbers of patients in each gene mutation group were 20 in ectodysplasin A (EDA) group, 8 in ectodysplasin A receptor (EDAR) group, 15 in wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 10A (WNT10A) group, 16 in paired box 9 (PAX9) group, 10 in Msh homeobox 1 (MSX1) group, 10 in low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein 6 (LRP6) group, and 6 in bone morphogenetic protein4 (BMP4) group. The number of missing teeth were 1-27, median number 15 among the tooth agenesis patients. There was no significant difference in the conical degree between the left and right homonymous teeth in the congenital tooth agenesis group and the control group (P>0.05). The crown conical degree of maxillary central incisor and lateral incisor in the congenital missing teeth group (0.95±0.24, 0.90±0.22) was significantly smaller than that in the control group (1.12±0.09, 1.13±0.09) (t=-8.50, P<0.001; t=-11.47, P<0.001). In WNT10A mutants, the conical degree of lateral incisors (0.89±0.18) was less than that of central incisors (1.07±0.15)(t=3.68, P<0.001). The conical degree of central incisors and lateral incisors (0.70±0.23, 0.57±0.15) of EDA mutants was significantly lower than that in patients with other gene mutations (P>0.05). Conclusions: Compared with the normal control group, the remaining maxillary central and lateral incisors of the seven gene mutation groups of patients with congenital tooth agenesis all had different degrees of conical crown. Among them, the crown conical degree of maxillary central and lateral incisors of the EDA mutation was the most severe, and the WNT10A mutation affected the maxillary lateral incisors more specifically. 目的： 测量先天缺牙患者上颌余留切牙牙冠锥形程度，并分析不同基因突变对患者的牙冠锥形程度的影响。 方法： 回顾性纳入2019年1月至2023年1月就诊于北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院修复科的85例先天缺牙患者（先天缺牙组），其中男性50例，女性35例，年龄3~57岁，中位年龄19岁。对所有患者进行全外显子组测序分析致病基因突变，并在曲面体层X线片上测量上颌中切牙及侧切牙在切1/3和龈1/3处的牙冠宽度，计算两者的比值得出牙冠锥形程度值，该值越小，代表该牙牙冠形态越类似锥形。根据先天缺牙组患者的年龄及性别匹配，选择2019年1月至2023年1月就诊于北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院修复科，无牙齿发育异常相关疾病且上颌恒切牙完好的85例其他患者为对照组。对先天缺牙组与对照组的牙冠锥形程度值进行t检验，使用单因素方差分析比较不同基因突变组的牙冠锥形程度值的差异，使用LSD方法进行各基因组别间的多重比较。 结果： 85例先天缺牙组患者共有7种基因突变类型，包括外胚层发育不良A（ectodysplasin A，EDA）（20例）、EDA受体（EDA receptor，EDAR）（8例）、无翅型MMTV整合位点家族成员10A（wingless-type MMTV integration site family，member 10A，WNT10A）（15例）、配对盒9（paired box 9，PAX9）（16例）、Msh同源框1（Msh homeobox 1，MSX1）（10例）、低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白6（low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein 6，LRP6）（10例）和骨形态发生蛋白4（bone morphogenetic protein4，BMP4）（6例）。先天缺牙组患者的先天缺牙1~27颗，中位数15颗。先天缺牙组和对照组中左侧与右侧同名牙牙冠锥形程度值差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。先天缺牙组患者上颌中切牙和侧切牙牙冠的锥形程度值（0.95±0.24、0.90±0.22）均显著小于对照组（1.12±0.09、1.13±0.09）（t=-8.50，P<0.001；t=-11.47，P<0.001）。WNT10A突变患者的侧切牙锥形程度值（0.89±0.18）显著小于中切牙（1.07±0.15）（t=3.68，P<0.001）。EDA突变患者的中切牙和侧切牙锥形程度值（0.70±0.23、0.57±0.15）均显著小于其他基因突变者（P<0.05）。 结论： 与正常对照相比，本研究纳入的7种不同基因突变的先天缺牙患者的余留上颌中切牙、侧切牙均存在不同程度的锥形牙，其中EDA突变者的上颌中切牙、侧切牙牙冠锥形程度最严重，而WNT10A突变更特异性地影响上颌侧切牙的牙冠锥形程度。.

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